Asencio M W
Division of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University School of Public Health, USA.
Med Anthropol Q. 1999 Mar;13(1):107-26. doi: 10.1525/maq.1999.13.1.107.
During the past decade, interpersonal violence increasingly has become a public health concern. As a result, prevention programs now aim to decrease violence among diverse populations. This article describes the beliefs and rationale for gender-based violence among a cohort of low-income, predominantly second-generation, mainland Puerto Rican adolescents. Based on a three-year (1989-91) ethnographic study, the findings describe how these young people, through the use of gender-based social constructs such as "machos" and "sluts," justify violence by linking it to beliefs about gender roles, sexuality, and biology, and thus perpetuate gender-role conformity, particularly heterosexual male dominance. The findings suggest that if the public health community is going to reduce gender-based violence among Puerto Rican youth, it needs to acknowledge that gender and sexuality are important ingredients that support violence and avoid a simplified and stereotypical model of culture that ignores other social factors and changes in traditional Latino gender roles.
在过去十年间，人际暴力日益成为一个公共卫生问题。因此，预防项目目前旨在减少不同人群中的暴力行为。本文描述了一群低收入、以第二代为主的波多黎各大陆青少年中基于性别的暴力行为的观念及基本原理。基于一项为期三年（1989 - 1991年）的人种志研究，研究结果描述了这些年轻人如何通过运用诸如“大男子主义者”和“荡妇”等基于性别的社会建构，将暴力与关于性别角色、性取向和生物学的观念联系起来，从而为暴力行为辩解，进而使性别角色的遵从持续存在，尤其是异性恋男性的主导地位。研究结果表明，如果公共卫生界要减少波多黎各青少年中基于性别的暴力行为，就需要认识到性别和性取向是助长暴力的重要因素，并且要避免采用忽视其他社会因素以及传统拉丁裔性别角色变化的简化和刻板的文化模式。
