Milner A D, Marsh M J, Ingram D M, Fox G F, Susiva C
Department of Paediatrics, United Medical and Dental School, St Thomas's Hospital, London.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 Jan;80(1):F8-14. doi: 10.1136/fn.80.1.f8.
To assess the effects of smoking during pregnancy on lung mechanics and lung volumes in the immediate neonatal period, before infants are exposed to passive smoking.
Lung function tests were carried out within 72 hours of delivery in infants born to 100 non-smoking and 189 smoking mothers. Lung growth was assessed by plethysmography and lung mechanics using the single breath occlusion technique and oesophageal balloon/pneumotachography. Antenatal maternal serum cotinine values were obtained from 133 mothers.
Smoking was associated with a significant reduction in birthweight (mean 256 g, 95% CI 0.164 to 0.392), and length (mean 1.26 cm, 95% CI 0.48 to 2.00). Lung volume was not reduced when related to weight. Smoking was associated with a highly significant reduction in static compliance (Crs). This effect remained significant after relating Crs to weight and lung volume. Regression analyses showed that the Crs association was limited to the boys. Smoking was associated with a small but significant reduction in respiratory system conductance (Grs) (single breath occlusion technique) and total pulmonary conductance (Gp). These associations were limited to girls.
Smoking in pregnancy reduces static compliance in boys and conductance in girls. There was no evidence that maternal smoking adversely affected fetal lung growth.
在婴儿暴露于被动吸烟之前，评估孕期吸烟对新生儿早期肺力学和肺容量的影响。
对100名不吸烟母亲和189名吸烟母亲所生婴儿在出生后72小时内进行肺功能测试。通过体积描记法评估肺生长情况，并使用单次呼吸阻断技术以及食管气囊/呼吸流速描记法评估肺力学。从133名母亲处获取产前母体血清可替宁值。
吸烟与出生体重显著降低（平均降低256克，95%可信区间为0.164至0.392）以及身长显著降低（平均降低1.26厘米，95%可信区间为0.48至2.00）相关。与体重相关时，肺容量未降低。吸烟与静态顺应性（Crs）显著降低高度相关。在将Crs与体重和肺容量相关联后，这种影响仍然显著。回归分析表明，Crs的相关性仅限于男孩。吸烟与呼吸系统传导率（Grs）（单次呼吸阻断技术）和总肺传导率（Gp）小幅但显著降低相关。这些相关性仅限于女孩。
孕期吸烟会降低男孩的静态顺应性以及女孩的传导率。没有证据表明母亲吸烟会对胎儿肺生长产生不利影响。
