Cohen M L
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Br Med Bull. 1998;54(3):523-32. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011707.
Emerging infectious diseases pose important public health problems for both the developed and developing world. Many new or previously unrecognized bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic diseases have emerged within the past two decades. At the same time, many once-controlled infections have re-emerged or become resistant to antimicrobial therapy. This emergence is the result of changes in society, technology, the environment, and the microbes themselves, and these changes have had often unpredictable consequences. Important factors influencing emergence include changes in human demographics and behaviour, changes in technology and industry, changes in economic development and land use, increasing and rapid international travel and commerce, microbial adaptation and change, and the breakdown of public health measures. Addressing emerging infectious diseases will require international and interdisciplinary partnerships to build an appropriate infrastructure to detect and respond to these often unanticipated threats to health.
新发传染病对发达国家和发展中国家都构成了重大的公共卫生问题。在过去二十年中，出现了许多新的或以前未被认识的细菌、真菌、病毒和寄生虫病。与此同时，许多曾经得到控制的感染又重新出现或对抗菌治疗产生了耐药性。这种情况的出现是社会、技术、环境和微生物自身变化的结果，而这些变化往往产生不可预测的后果。影响疾病出现的重要因素包括人口统计学和人类行为的变化、技术和产业的变化、经济发展和土地利用的变化、日益频繁和迅速的国际旅行与商业活动、微生物的适应与变化，以及公共卫生措施的失效。应对新发传染病需要国际和跨学科的合作，以建立适当的基础设施，来检测和应对这些往往意想不到的健康威胁。
