Leigh J A
Institute for Animal Health, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, Berks RG20 7NN, UK.
Vet J. 1999 May;157(3):225-38. doi: 10.1053/tvjl.1998.0298.
The prevalence of bovine mastitis has been reduced over the past 25 years due to the implementation of a five-point control plan aimed at reducing exposure, duration and transmission of intramammary infections by bacteria. This has markedly reduced the incidence of bovine mastitis caused by bacteria which show a contagious route of transmission, but has had little effect on the incidence of mastitis due to bacteria which infect the gland from an environmental reservoir. Streptococcus uberis is one such bacterium which is responsible for a significant proportion of clinical mastitis worldwide. The inadequacies of the current methods of mastitis control have led to the search for additional measures, particularly vaccines to prevent intramammary infection by this bacterium. Such an approach requires detailed knowledge of the pathogenesis of intramammary infection. Our understanding of this area has grown in recent years but a lack of information still hampers disease control. Both live vaccines and, recently, crude sub-unit vaccines have shown promise against bovine mastitis due to S. uberis. Vaccines against mastitis must, however, be able to control infection without the participation of a marked inflammatory response. This review provides an overview of the recent advances which have been made in our understanding of host-pathogen interactions which promote infection and disease and highlights areas for strategic research aimed at controlling this bacterial infection.
在过去25年里，由于实施了一项五点控制计划，旨在减少细菌引起的乳房内感染的暴露、持续时间和传播，牛乳腺炎的患病率有所降低。这显著降低了由具有传染性传播途径的细菌引起的牛乳腺炎的发病率，但对因从环境储库感染乳腺的细菌导致的乳腺炎发病率影响不大。乳房链球菌就是这样一种细菌，它在全球范围内导致了相当比例的临床乳腺炎。当前乳腺炎控制方法的不足促使人们寻找额外的措施，特别是预防这种细菌引起乳房内感染的疫苗。这种方法需要对乳房内感染的发病机制有详细的了解。近年来我们对这一领域的认识有所提高，但信息的缺乏仍然阻碍着疾病的控制。活疫苗以及最近的粗制亚单位疫苗对乳房链球菌引起的牛乳腺炎都显示出了前景。然而，抗乳腺炎疫苗必须能够在没有明显炎症反应参与的情况下控制感染。本综述概述了我们在理解促进感染和疾病的宿主 - 病原体相互作用方面的最新进展，并强调了旨在控制这种细菌感染的战略研究领域。
