Weber D J, Rutala W A
Infectious Disease Division, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7030, USA.
Occup Med. 1999 Apr-Jun;14(2):247-84.
More than 200 diseases are transmitted from animals to humans. Zoonotic infections can be transmitted via animal bites, arthropod vectors, especially ticks and mosquitoes, and direct contact with animals. Infections also can be contracted indirectly by ingestion of contaminated food or water or contact with contaminated hides, wool, or fur. Persons at risk of zoonotic infections include people who enjoy outdoor leisure activities such as hiking, camping, hunting, spelunking, and fishing. Occupational groups at risk include animal control officers, hunters, abattoir workers, farmers, fisherpersons, persons working with hides or wool, and laboratory workers working with zoonotic pathogens. The risk of infection can be reduced by appropriate use of personal protective equipment, immunizations, and measures to avoid insect bites.
200多种疾病可从动物传播给人类。人畜共患感染可通过动物咬伤、节肢动物媒介（尤其是蜱虫和蚊子）以及与动物的直接接触进行传播。感染也可通过摄入受污染的食物或水，或接触受污染的兽皮、羊毛或毛皮而间接感染。有感染人畜共患疾病风险的人群包括喜欢徒步旅行、露营、打猎、洞穴探险和钓鱼等户外休闲活动的人。有感染风险的职业群体包括动物控制官员、猎人、屠宰场工人、农民、渔民、从事兽皮或羊毛工作的人员，以及从事人畜共患病原体研究的实验室工作人员。通过适当使用个人防护装备、免疫接种以及避免蚊虫叮咬的措施，可以降低感染风险。
