Novel transcripts of carbonic anhydrase II in mouse and human testis.

Intracellular and extracellular sources of bicarbonate are essential for sperm motility, sperm binding to the zona pellucida and the acrosome reaction. Carbonic anhydrase II, catalysing the synthesis of bicarbonate within spermatozoa, must play a significant role in these mechanisms. We report here the expression of carbonic anhydrase II during mouse spermatogenesis and the primary structure of testicular transcripts coding for carbonic anhydrase II isolated from adult mouse and human testes. The mouse carbonic anhydrase II (Car2) mRNA displays a 5' untranslated region (UTR) larger than the corresponding somatic sequence. The additional 5' sequence contains the 'TATA box' used in somatic tissues and other promoter sequences, suggesting the use of testis-specific promoters further upstream with read-through of downstream promoters. The 3'UTR of the Car2 mRNA is shorter in mature testicular cells than in somatic cells. Polysomal gradient analysis of carbonic anhydrase II transcripts isolated from adult mouse testis and kidney revealed different translation potential: most of the testicular transcripts were present in the non-polysomal fractions, whereas a considerable fraction of kidney transcripts were polysome-associated. These results suggest that specific transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulate the expression of carbonic anhydrase II during mammalian spermatogenesis.