Vorobiova M I, Degteva M O, Burmistrov D S, Safronova N G, Kozheurov V P, Anspaugh L R, Napier B A
Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
Health Phys. 1999 Jun;76(6):605-18. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199906000-00003.
The Mayak Production Association was the first Russian site for the production and separation of plutonium. The extensive increase in plutonium production during 1948-1955, as well as the absence of reliable waste-management technology, resulted in significant releases of liquid radioactive effluent into the rather small Techa River. This resulted in chronic external and internal exposure of about 30,000 residents of riverside communities; these residents form the cohort of an epidemiologic investigation. Analysis of the available historical monitoring data indicates that the following reliable data sets can be used for reconstruction of doses received during the early periods of operation of the Mayak Production Association: Temporal pattern of specific beta activity of river water for several sites in the upper Techa region since July 1951; average annual values of specific beta activity of river water and bottom sediments as a function of downstream distance for the whole river since 1951; external gamma-exposure rates near the shoreline as a function of downstream distance for the whole Techa River since 1952; and external gamma-exposure rate as a function of distance from the shoreline for several sites in the upper and middle Techa since 1951.
玛雅克生产协会是俄罗斯首个钚生产与分离基地。1948年至1955年期间钚产量大幅增加，加上缺乏可靠的废物管理技术，导致大量液态放射性废水排入相对较小的捷恰河。这致使约30000名河边社区居民受到长期外部和内部辐射；这些居民构成了一项流行病学调查的队列。对现有历史监测数据的分析表明，以下可靠数据集可用于重建玛雅克生产协会运营早期所接受的剂量：自1951年7月起上捷恰地区多个地点河水的比β活度时间模式；自1951年起整条河流河水和底部沉积物比β活度随下游距离变化的年均值；自1952年起捷恰河整条河流近岸线处外部γ辐射率随下游距离变化的情况；以及自1951年起上捷恰和中捷恰多个地点外部γ辐射率随距岸线距离变化的情况。
