Vorobiova M I, Degteva M O
Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Medgorodok, Chelyabinsk, 454076, Russia.
Health Phys. 1999 Aug;77(2):142-9. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199908000-00003.
The Techa River (Southern Urals, Russia) was contaminated in 1949-1956 by liquid radioactive wastes from the Mayak complex, the first Russian facility for the production of plutonium. The measurements of environmental contamination were started in 1951. A simple model describing radionuclide transport along the free-flowing river and the accumulation of radionuclides by bottom sediments is presented. This model successfully correlates the rates of radionuclide releases as reconstructed by the Mayak experts, hydrological data, and available environmental monitoring data for the early period of contamination (1949-1951). The model was developed to reconstruct doses for people who lived in the riverside communities during the period of the releases and who were chronically exposed to external and internal irradiation. The model fills the data gaps and permits reconstruction of external gamma-exposure rates in air on the river bank and radionuclide concentrations in river water used for drinking and other household needs in 1949-1951.
捷恰河（俄罗斯南乌拉尔地区）在1949年至1956年期间受到马亚克工厂液态放射性废物的污染，马亚克工厂是俄罗斯首个钚生产设施。对环境污染的测量始于1951年。本文提出了一个简单模型，用于描述放射性核素在自由流动河流中的迁移以及底部沉积物对放射性核素的积累。该模型成功地将马亚克专家重建的放射性核素释放速率、水文数据以及污染初期（1949 - 1951年）可用的环境监测数据关联起来。该模型旨在重建在释放期间居住在河边社区且长期受到外部和内部辐射的人群所接受的剂量。该模型填补了数据空白，并能够重建1949 - 1951年河岸空气中的外部伽马辐射率以及用于饮用和其他家庭用途的河水中的放射性核素浓度。
