Fendrich M, Johnson T P, Sudman S, Wislar J S, Spiehler V
University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, 60612, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 1999 May 15;149(10):955-62. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009740.
Hair specimens were collected from 322 subjects and analyzed as part of an experimental study administering household surveys during 1997 to a high-risk community sample of adults from Chicago, Illinois. Toxicologic results were compared with survey responses about recent and lifetime drug use. About 35% of the sample tested positive for cocaine, and 4% tested positive for heroin. Sample prevalence estimates of cocaine use based on toxicologic results were nearly five times the survey-based estimates of past month use and nearly four times the survey-based estimates of past year use. With the hair test results as the standard, cocaine and heroin use were considerably underreported in the survey. Underreporting was more of a problem for cocaine than for heroin. Among those who tested positive, survey disclosure of cocaine use was associated with higher levels of cocaine detected in hair. In general, when recent drug use was reported, it was usually detected in hair. When a drug was detected in hair, use was usually not reported in the survey. When heroin was detected in hair, cocaine was almost always detected as well.
从322名受试者身上采集了头发样本，并作为1997年对伊利诺伊州芝加哥市高危社区成年人群体进行家庭调查的一项实验研究的一部分进行了分析。将毒理学结果与关于近期和终生药物使用情况的调查答复进行了比较。约35%的样本可卡因检测呈阳性，4%的样本海洛因检测呈阳性。基于毒理学结果的可卡因使用样本患病率估计值几乎是基于调查的过去一个月使用情况估计值的五倍，是基于调查的过去一年使用情况估计值的近四倍。以头发检测结果为标准，调查中可卡因和海洛因的使用情况被严重低估。可卡因的漏报问题比海洛因更严重。在检测呈阳性的人群中，调查中对可卡因使用情况的披露与头发中检测到的较高可卡因水平相关。一般来说，当报告近期使用药物时，通常能在头发中检测到。当在头发中检测到某种药物时，调查中通常未报告使用情况。当在头发中检测到海洛因时，几乎总能同时检测到可卡因。
