Schachter E N, Zuskin E, Rienzi N, Goswami S
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999 May 28;57(2):137-48. doi: 10.1080/009841099157827.
Confectionery workers are exposed to a wide variety of organic dusts and aerosols. Previous studies with workers in a confectionery plant working with cocoa and rye flour indicate that these workers are at risk of developing adverse respiratory symptoms and lung function impairment. The effects of cocoa and rye flour extract on isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle were studied using water-soluble extracts from cocoa and rye flour obtained from the studied confectionery plant. Dose-related contractions of nonsensitized guinea pig tracheal rings were demonstrated using both cocoa and rye flour extracts. Pharmacologic studies were performed by pretreating guinea pig tracheal tissue with drugs known to modulate smooth muscle contraction: atropine, indomethacin, pyrilamine, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), acivicin, bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl ester (TMB8), captopril, and capsaicin. Constrictor effects of the dust extracts were inhibited by these agents, the pattern of which depended on the dust extract. Atropine consistently and significantly reduced the contractile effects of both extracts. These observations suggest a release of parasympathetic mediators by these extracts or more directly an interaction with muscarinic receptors. In addition, the constrictor effect of cocoa and rye flour extracts was significantly, but only partially, reduced by indomethacin, pyrilamine, BPB, and TMB8. Acivicin also partially decreased the constrictor effect of cocoa extract. Pretreatment of tracheal tissue with capsaicin also decreased the constrictor effects of high concentrations of cocoa and rye flour extracts. Data suggest that cocoa and rye flour extracts cause a dose-related constriction of airway smooth muscle by non immunological mechanisms involving cholinergic pathways and airway mediators such as histamine and the products of the arachadonic acid cascade. This effect is not dependent on the presensitization of guinea pigs.
糖果厂工人会接触到各种各样的有机粉尘和气溶胶。先前对一家使用可可粉和黑麦粉的糖果厂工人进行的研究表明，这些工人有出现不良呼吸道症状和肺功能损害的风险。本研究使用从该糖果厂获取的可可粉和黑麦粉的水溶性提取物，研究了可可粉和黑麦粉提取物对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌的影响。使用可可粉和黑麦粉提取物均证实了非致敏豚鼠气管环的剂量相关收缩。通过用已知可调节平滑肌收缩的药物预处理豚鼠气管组织进行药理学研究：阿托品、吲哚美辛、吡苄明、去甲二氢愈创木酸（NDGA）、阿西维辛、溴酚酰溴（BPB）[1,2-双(溴苯甲酰基)乙烷]、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸8-(N,N-二乙氨基)辛酯（TMB8）、卡托普利和辣椒素。这些药物抑制了粉尘提取物的收缩作用，其模式取决于粉尘提取物。阿托品始终并显著降低了两种提取物的收缩作用。这些观察结果表明，这些提取物释放了副交感神经介质，或者更直接地是与毒蕈碱受体相互作用。此外，吲哚美辛、吡苄明、BPB和TMB8显著但仅部分降低了可可粉和黑麦粉提取物的收缩作用。阿西维辛也部分降低了可可粉提取物的收缩作用。用辣椒素预处理气管组织也降低了高浓度可可粉和黑麦粉提取物的收缩作用。数据表明，可可粉和黑麦粉提取物通过涉及胆碱能途径和气道介质（如组胺和花生四烯酸级联反应产物）的非免疫机制，引起气道平滑肌的剂量相关收缩。这种作用不依赖于豚鼠的预先致敏。
