Schachter E N, Zuskin E, Rienzi N, Goswami S, Maayani S
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y., USA.
Respiration. 1998;65(5):393-400. doi: 10.1159/000029301.
Latex manufacturing workers are exposed to a heterogeneous aerosol of organic compounds. Previous studies of latex workers involved in glove production indicate that these individuals are at risk of developing respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function. The effect of latex extracts on isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscles was studied using latex water-soluble extracts obtained at different stages of the industrial process. Latex extracts were prepared as a 1:10 (w/v) solution. Dose-related contractions of nonsensitized guinea pig trachea were demonstrated using two latex extracts (latex 1 and latex 2). Latex 1 was prepared from the native latex and latex 2 from a processed form of latex which was relatively free of soluble proteins. Pharmacologic studies were performed by pretreating guinea pig tracheal tissue with drugs known to modulate smooth muscle contraction: atropine, indomethacin, pyrilamine, nordihydroguaiacetic acid, acivicin, trimethobenzoic acid and capsaicin. Constrictor effects of the dust extracts were inhibited by a wide variety of these agents. Atropine consistently and strikingly reduced the contractile effects of these extracts. This observation may suggest an interaction of the extracts with parasympathetic nerves or more directly with muscarinic receptors. Inhibition of contraction by blocking other mediators was less effective and varied with the dust extract. Pretreatment with capsaicin did not change the constrictor effects of latex 1 but enhanced the effects of latex 2. Depletion of neuropeptides, however, did not reduce the constrictor effect. We suggest that latex extracts cause dose-related airway smooth muscle constriction by nonimmunological mechanisms involving a variety of airway mediators and possibly cholinergic receptors. This effect is not dependent on the presensitization of guinea pigs.
乳胶制造工人会接触到由有机化合物组成的异质气溶胶。先前对参与手套生产的乳胶工人的研究表明，这些人有出现呼吸道症状和肺功能受损的风险。本研究使用在工业生产过程不同阶段获得的乳胶水溶性提取物，研究了乳胶提取物对分离的豚鼠气管平滑肌的影响。乳胶提取物配制成1:10（w/v）的溶液。使用两种乳胶提取物（乳胶1和乳胶2）证明了未致敏豚鼠气管的剂量相关收缩。乳胶1由天然乳胶制备，乳胶2由相对不含可溶性蛋白质的加工乳胶制备。通过用已知可调节平滑肌收缩的药物预处理豚鼠气管组织来进行药理学研究：阿托品、吲哚美辛、吡拉明、去甲二氢愈创木酸、阿西维辛、三甲苯甲酸和辣椒素。这些药物中的多种都抑制了粉尘提取物的收缩作用。阿托品持续且显著地降低了这些提取物的收缩作用。这一观察结果可能表明提取物与副交感神经相互作用，或更直接地与毒蕈碱受体相互作用。通过阻断其他介质来抑制收缩的效果较差，且因粉尘提取物而异。用辣椒素预处理并未改变乳胶1的收缩作用，但增强了乳胶2的作用。然而，神经肽的耗竭并未降低收缩作用。我们认为，乳胶提取物通过涉及多种气道介质和可能的胆碱能受体的非免疫机制导致剂量相关的气道平滑肌收缩。这种作用不依赖于豚鼠的预先致敏。
