Tarantola Daniel, Gruskin Sofia
Health Hum Rights. 1998;3(1):60-86.
From a child rights perspective, HIV/AIDS serves to illuminate how cultural norms and legal precepts facilitate or constrain the protection of the child from HIV infection and from its individual and collective impacts. Recognition of human rights in the design, implementation, and evaluation of governmental policy can point the way toward actions which are not only necessary but, in public health terms, most effective. This article summarizes the three situations -- children infected, affected, and vulnerable -- and three levels of governmental obliations -- to respect, protect, and fulfill rights -- which should be considered when identifying children's specific needs and rights in the context of HIV/AIDS. The article then proposes a method to analyze systematically the confluence between HIV/AIDS and children's rights, creating opportunities for a synergy between those involved in HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and research, and others engaged to the promotion and protection of the rights of the child.
从儿童权利的角度来看，艾滋病毒/艾滋病有助于说明文化规范和法律准则如何促进或限制对儿童的保护，使其免受艾滋病毒感染及其个人和集体影响。在政府政策的设计、实施和评估中承认人权，可以指明不仅必要而且从公共卫生角度来看最有效的行动方向。本文总结了三种情况——受感染儿童、受影响儿童和易受感染儿童——以及政府的三个层面的义务——尊重、保护和实现权利——在确定艾滋病毒/艾滋病背景下儿童的具体需求和权利时应予以考虑。然后，本文提出了一种系统分析艾滋病毒/艾滋病与儿童权利之间交汇点的方法，为参与艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防、护理和研究的人员与致力于促进和保护儿童权利的其他人员之间的协同合作创造机会。
