McHale J P, Neugebauer A, Asch A R, Schwartz A
Department of Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610-1477, USA.
J Clin Child Psychol. 1999 Jun;28(2):256-68. doi: 10.1207/s15374424jccp2802_12.
Investigated 4-year-olds' depictions of family relationships during a semistructured doll play task. Examined developmental and family correlates of these depictions, and their relative stability over a 1-month period. Forty-nine children related stories about happy, sad, mad, and worried families using dolls reflecting their own family configuration. For each story, coders recorded (a) proportion of total story time devoted to each family dyad and (b) number of conflictive, aggressive, and affectionate acts per dyad. Children divided their focus during stories evenly between father-child, mother-child, and father-mother relationships with child-sibling interactions occurring regularly among participants with siblings. Depictions of affection and aggression among family figures were relatively commonplace, related to mothers' reports of family climate, and stable across a 1-month period. Results substantiated preschoolers' awareness and discrimination of intrafamily relationship dynamics and provided some guidelines and cautions to practitioners who employ doll family assessments in their clinical work.
研究了4岁儿童在半结构化玩偶游戏任务中对家庭关系的描绘。考察了这些描绘的发展和家庭相关因素，以及它们在1个月内的相对稳定性。49名儿童使用反映自己家庭结构的玩偶讲述了关于幸福、悲伤、愤怒和担忧家庭的故事。对于每个故事，编码人员记录了（a）每个家庭二元组在故事总时长中所占的比例，以及（b）每个二元组中冲突、攻击和亲昵行为的数量。儿童在故事中平均分配注意力于父子、母子和父母关系之间，有兄弟姐妹的参与者之间经常出现儿童与兄弟姐妹的互动。家庭人物之间的亲昵和攻击描绘相对常见，与母亲对家庭氛围的报告相关，并且在1个月内保持稳定。研究结果证实了学龄前儿童对家庭内部关系动态的认识和辨别能力，并为在临床工作中使用玩偶家庭评估的从业者提供了一些指导和注意事项。
