Willingham D B
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903, USA.
Mem Cognit. 1999 May;27(3):561-72. doi: 10.3758/bf03211549.
Many reports have indicated that implicit learning of sequences in a choice response time task is primarily perceptual; subjects learn the sequence of stimuli rather than the sequence of motor responses. Three experiments tested whether implicit motor sequence learning could be purely perceptual: no support was found for that hypothesis. Subjects who merely watched stimuli did not learn the sequence implicitly (Experiment 1), and sequence learning transferred robustly to a different set of stimulus cues (Experiment 2). In the final experiment, the stimulus-response mapping was changed at transfer so that one group of subjects pushed the same sequence of keys but saw new stimuli, whereas another group pushed a different sequence of keys but saw the same stimuli. Transfer to the new mapping was shown only if the motor sequence was kept constant, not the perceptual sequence. It is proposed that subjects learn a sequence of response locations in this and similar tasks.
许多报告表明，在选择反应时间任务中对序列的内隐学习主要是感知性的；受试者学习的是刺激序列而非运动反应序列。三项实验检验了内隐运动序列学习是否可能完全是感知性的：该假设未得到支持。仅仅观看刺激的受试者并没有内隐地学习序列（实验1），并且序列学习能够强有力地迁移到另一组刺激线索上（实验2）。在最后一项实验中，在迁移时改变了刺激 - 反应映射，使得一组受试者按相同的按键序列但看到新的刺激，而另一组受试者按不同的按键序列但看到相同的刺激。只有当运动序列保持不变而非感知序列保持不变时，才会出现向新映射的迁移。有人提出，在这个以及类似的任务中，受试者学习的是反应位置序列。
