Wålinder R, Norbäck D, Wieslander G, Smedje G, Erwall C, Venge P
Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999 Apr;25(2):137-43. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.416.
This study determined the relations between settled dust and cleaning routines in classrooms on one hand, and nasal symptoms, nasal cavity dimensions, and the concentration of selected biomarkers of inflammation in nasal lavage on the other.
Measurements of settled dust via standardized vacuum cleaning and an investigation of the cleaning routines were performed in 12 randomly selected primary schools in the municipality of Uppsala. Clinical examinations including acoustic rhinometry and nasal lavage were performed in the school environment among 279 school personnel working in the main buildings of the schools. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme, and albumin were analyzed in the lavage fluid. The relationships between the medical and hygienic data were analyzed both bivariately and with a multiple regression model controlling for age, gender, smoking, atopy, room temperature, and urban vicinity of the school.
The amount of settled dust was positively related to subjective nasal obstruction and smaller nasal cavity dimensions measured with acoustic rhinometry. The noses were less patent, and the levels of ECP or lysozyme in the lavage were increased for the subjects in schools with a lower frequency of floor mopping, a lower frequency of desk cleaning, and where wet mopping was used.
Our results indicate that the actual dust levels in Swedish classrooms can affect the occurrence of nasal obstruction among school personnel. A beneficial effect on the clinical signs of the nasal mucosa was observed for a higher frequency of both floor mopping and desk cleaning, whereas the use of wet mopping seemed disadvantageous in comparison with dry mopping. These findings illustrate the need for adequate cleaning procedures to minimize the environmental effects on the airway mucosa.
本研究一方面确定教室中的沉降灰尘与清洁程序之间的关系，另一方面确定其与鼻部症状、鼻腔尺寸以及鼻灌洗中选定炎症生物标志物浓度之间的关系。
在乌普萨拉市随机挑选的12所小学中，通过标准化真空吸尘测量沉降灰尘，并调查清洁程序。在学校主要建筑中工作的279名学校工作人员所在的学校环境中进行了包括声反射鼻测量法和鼻灌洗在内的临床检查。对灌洗液中的嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、溶菌酶和白蛋白进行了分析。对医学和卫生数据之间的关系进行了双变量分析，并使用了一个多元回归模型，该模型控制了年龄、性别、吸烟、特应性、室温以及学校与城市的距离。
沉降灰尘量与主观鼻阻塞以及声反射鼻测量法测得的较小鼻腔尺寸呈正相关。对于拖地频率较低、桌面清洁频率较低以及使用湿拖的学校中的受试者，鼻子的通畅性较差，灌洗液中ECP或溶菌酶的水平升高。
我们的结果表明，瑞典教室中的实际灰尘水平会影响学校工作人员鼻阻塞的发生。较高的拖地频率和桌面清洁频率对鼻黏膜的临床体征有有益影响，而与干拖相比，使用湿拖似乎不利。这些发现表明需要适当的清洁程序，以尽量减少环境对气道黏膜的影响。
