Department of Medical Science/Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2010 Oct;83(7):733-41. doi: 10.1007/s00420-010-0552-0. Epub 2010 Jun 15.
Despite the decreased use of solvent-based paint (SBP) and increased use of water-based paints (WBP) with possible risk for microbial growth, few health studies are available. The aim was to study the symptoms and ocular and nasal biomarkers in house painters in relation to paint use and personal exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOC) and microbial VOC (MVOC) during indoor painting with WBP.
All house painters from three major companies and unexposed controls (janitors from one company) were invited, 94% (N = 31) and 95% (N = 20) of non-asthmatics participated, respectively. Tear film break-up time (BUT), nasal patency by acoustic rhinometry, and biomarkers in nasal lavage (NAL) were measured at work, and a doctor's administered questionnaire was answered. Personal sampling (8 h) of formaldehyde, VOC, and MVOC was performed in 17 house painters using WBP.
House painters had increase in ocular symptoms, decreased BUT, and increased NAL-lysozyme, when compared to controls. Painters reporting mucosal irritation from WBP had less nasal patency and higher NAL-myeloperoxidase (NAL-MPO). A large proportion of the VOC consisted of propylenglycol, diglycol ethers, and Texanol. There was an association between 8-h exposure to propylene glycol and NAL-eosinophilic cationic protein (NAL-ECP), 2-phenoxyethanol levels and reduced BUT, sum of aliphatic glycol ethers and increased NAL-MPO. Increased levels of 1-octen-3-ol, one MVOC, were related to reduced nasal patency and increase in NAL-MPO.
House painters may have a risk for adverse physiological reactions in the ocular and nasal mucosa. A minority of painters susceptible to WBP can react with neutrophilic nasal inflammation. Different chemicals in the paint could cause either neutrophilic or eosinophilic inflammation, or reduced tear film stability. In addition, house painters are exposed to MVOC which may affect the nasal mucosa.
尽管溶剂型涂料（SBP）的使用减少，而水性涂料（WBP）的使用增加，且可能存在微生物生长的风险，但相关健康研究较少。本研究旨在研究室内使用 WBP 进行绘画时，油漆使用情况以及个人接触挥发性有机化合物（VOC）和微生物 VOC（MVOC）与房屋油漆工症状以及眼部和鼻部生物标志物之间的关系。
我们邀请了来自三家大公司的所有房屋油漆工和未暴露的对照组（来自一家公司的门卫），分别有 94%（N=31）和 95%（N=20）的非哮喘患者参加。在工作时测量泪膜破裂时间（BUT）、鼻声反射仪评估鼻道通畅度以及鼻冲洗液（NAL）中的生物标志物，并由医生进行问卷调查。对 17 名使用 WBP 的房屋油漆工进行了 8 小时个人采样（采样内容为甲醛、VOC 和 MVOC）。
与对照组相比，房屋油漆工的眼部症状增加，BUT 降低，NAL 溶菌酶增加。报告 WBP 引起粘膜刺激的油漆工鼻道通畅度较低，NAL-髓过氧化物酶（NAL-MPO）较高。VOC 的很大一部分由丙二醇、二甘醇醚和 Texanol 组成。8 小时接触丙二醇与 NAL-嗜酸性阳离子蛋白（NAL-ECP）、2-苯氧基乙醇水平与 BUT 降低、脂族二醇醚总和与 NAL-MPO 增加之间存在关联。一种 MVOC（1-辛烯-3-醇）水平升高与鼻道通畅度降低和 NAL-MPO 增加有关。
房屋油漆工可能有眼部和鼻腔粘膜发生不良反应的风险。少数对 WBP 敏感的油漆工可能会引起中性粒细胞性鼻炎症。油漆中的不同化学物质可能导致中性粒细胞性或嗜酸性粒细胞性炎症，或泪膜稳定性降低。此外，房屋油漆工还会接触到可能影响鼻黏膜的 MVOC。
