Cress M E, Buchner D M, Questad K A, Esselman P C, deLateur B J, Schwartz R S
Department of Exercise Science and Gerontology Center, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-6554, USA.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999 May;54(5):M242-8. doi: 10.1093/gerona/54.5.m242.
Age-related loss in physiologic capacities contributes to the decline in physical function in the elderly population. Despite the beneficial effects of exercise interventions on maximal physiologic capacity measures, the functional benefits have not been shown in independently living older adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate exercise in independent older adults for significant and meaningful improvements in physical function, not detected by commonly used measures of physical function.
In a randomized controlled study, 49 independently living men and women were assigned to either a nonexercise control group (Control; n = 26) or an exercise training group (Exercise; n = 23). Participants (age = 76+/-4) in good general health were recruited from retirement communities or apartments. The combined endurance and strength training was performed at 75% to 80% intensity; the groups met 3 times/week for 6 months of supervised sessions. Outcome measures included physical capacity, health status, and physical function using a newly developed performance test--the Continuous Scale-Physical Functional Performance test (CS-PFP).
Compared to the Control group, the Exercise group showed significant increases in maximal oxygen consumption (11%) and muscle strength (33%). No significant differences were found between groups for changes in the Sickness Impact Profile, SF-36 scales, or the 6-minute walk. However, the CS-PFP score improved significantly in the Exercise group (14%, effect size 0.80).
Independent older adults gain meaningful functional benefits from several months of exercise training. The public health importance of physical activity may relate not just to its role in preventing decline, but also to its role in enhancing physical function.
与年龄相关的生理能力下降导致老年人群体身体功能衰退。尽管运动干预对最大生理能力指标有有益影响，但在独立生活的老年人中尚未显示出功能益处。本研究的目的是评估独立生活的老年人进行运动后，身体功能是否有显著且有意义的改善，而这些改善是常用身体功能测量方法所未检测到的。
在一项随机对照研究中，49名独立生活的男性和女性被分配到非运动对照组（对照组；n = 26）或运动训练组（运动组；n = 23）。从退休社区或公寓招募健康状况良好的参与者（年龄 = 76±4岁）。耐力和力量训练相结合，强度为75%至80%；两组每周会面3次，进行为期6个月的监督训练。结果测量包括身体能力、健康状况和身体功能，使用一种新开发的性能测试——连续量表-身体功能性能测试（CS-PFP）。
与对照组相比，运动组的最大耗氧量显著增加（11%），肌肉力量显著增加（33%）。在疾病影响概况、SF-36量表或6分钟步行测试的变化方面，两组之间未发现显著差异。然而，运动组的CS-PFP评分显著提高（14%，效应大小为0.80）。
独立生活的老年人通过几个月的运动训练获得了有意义的功能益处。身体活动对公共卫生的重要性可能不仅与其在预防衰退中的作用有关，还与其在增强身体功能中的作用有关。
