MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Apr 30;48(16):325-7.
In the United States, approximately 4000 pregnancies are affected by neural tube defects each year; 50%-70% of these developmental defects could be prevented with daily intake of 400 microg of the B vitamin folic acid throughout the periconceptional period. In 1992, the Public Health Service recommended that all women capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 microg of folic acid daily throughout their childbearing years to reduce their risk for having a pregnancy affected by neural tube defects. In 1998, the Institute of Medicine recommended that all women of childbearing potential consume 400 microg of synthetic folic acid per day from fortified foods and/or a supplement in addition to food folate from a varied diet. This report summarizes the findings of a survey conducted during July-August 1998 to assess folic acid knowledge and practices among women of childbearing age in the United States and compares these results with those from a similar survey conducted in 1995. The findings indicate that 7% of women know folic acid should be taken before pregnancy to reduce the risk for neural tube defects.
在美国，每年约有4000例妊娠受到神经管缺陷的影响；如果在整个受孕期间每天摄入400微克的B族维生素叶酸，这些发育缺陷中有50%-70%是可以预防的。1992年，公共卫生服务机构建议所有有怀孕能力的妇女在整个育龄期每天摄入400微克叶酸，以降低其怀孕时受神经管缺陷影响的风险。1998年，医学研究所建议所有有生育潜力的妇女，除了从多样化饮食中获取食物叶酸外，每天还要从强化食品和/或补充剂中摄入400微克合成叶酸。本报告总结了1998年7月至8月期间进行的一项调查结果，该调查旨在评估美国育龄妇女对叶酸的了解情况和相关行为，并将这些结果与1995年进行的类似调查结果进行比较。调查结果表明，7%的妇女知道在怀孕前应服用叶酸以降低神经管缺陷的风险。
