Beilmann A, Napa A, Hämarik M, Sööt A, Talvik I, Talvik T
Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Brain Dev. 1999 Apr;21(3):166-74. doi: 10.1016/s0387-7604(98)00096-5.
The aim of this study has been to establish the incidence rate (IR) and main characteristics of childhood epilepsy in Estonia. A population-based prospective study was performed from January 1st 1995 to December 31st 1997 in seven counties (population of children 161202). Only cases occurring in the age range of 1 month to 19 years with active epilepsy were included. Two hundred and sixteen cases met the study criteria. The total age-adjusted IR was 45/100000. The IR was the highest, 73/100000, in the age group from 1 month to 4 years. The IR declined markedly after the age of 15 years. Primarily generalized seizures demonstrated a higher IR, 25/100000, than partial seizures, the IR of which was 20/100000. The IR of symptomatic epileptic syndromes was 16/100000, that of cryptogenic, 15.5/100000 and that of idiopathic, 13/100000. The cumulative incidence of epilepsy through age 19 was 0.13%. A family history of epilepsy was present in 13.9% of cases. In 40.7% of cases the cause of epilepsy was identified. Adverse perinatal events were the most frequent etiological factors: in 25%, IR 11/100000. In 103 cases (47.6%) additional medical problems were disclosed. Strong negative univariate association was noted between partial seizures and idiopathic etiology (OR 0.37, 95%CI 0.18, 0.72; P = 0.002) and between partial seizures and motor disability (OR 0.43, 95%CI 0.24, 0.78; P = 0.003). The incidence of childhood epilepsy in Estonia was comparable with developed countries. Generalized seizures predominated. Perinatal factors were the main causes. The idiopathic etiology and motor disability of cryptogenic and symptomatic cases were associated with generalized seizures.
本研究旨在确定爱沙尼亚儿童癫痫的发病率（IR）及主要特征。1995年1月1日至1997年12月31日，在七个县（儿童人口161202）开展了一项基于人群的前瞻性研究。仅纳入年龄在1个月至19岁、患有活动性癫痫的病例。216例病例符合研究标准。年龄调整后的总发病率为45/100000。1个月至4岁年龄组的发病率最高，为73/100000。15岁以后发病率显著下降。全身性发作的发病率（25/100000）高于部分性发作，后者的发病率为20/100000。症状性癫痫综合征的发病率为16/100000，隐源性的为15.5/100000，特发性的为13/100000。19岁时癫痫的累积发病率为0.13%。13.9%的病例有癫痫家族史。40.7%的病例确定了癫痫病因。围产期不良事件是最常见的病因：占25%，发病率为11/100000。在103例（47.6%）病例中发现了其他健康问题。部分性发作与特发性病因（OR 0.37，95%CI 0.18，0.72；P = 0.002）以及部分性发作与运动障碍（OR 0.43，95%CI 0.24，0.78；P = 0.003）之间存在显著的单因素负相关。爱沙尼亚儿童癫痫的发病率与发达国家相当。全身性发作占主导。围产期因素是主要病因。隐源性和症状性病例的特发性病因及运动障碍与全身性发作有关。
