Beilmann A, Napa A, Sööt A, Talvik I, Talvik T
Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tartu, Estonia.
Epilepsia. 1999 Jul;40(7):1011-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00811.x.
To establish the prevalence rate (PR) and main characteristics of childhood epilepsy in Estonia.
We performed a population-based case ascertainment of all the possible sources of medical care in seven counties of Estonia from January 1995 to December 1997. Only cases of patients from 1 month to 19 years of age with active epilepsy (i.e., at least one seizure during the last 5 years, regardless of treatment) were included. All patients were examined by a pediatric neurologist.
Five hundred sixty cases met the study criteria on the prevalence day, December 31, 1997. The total PR was 3.6 per 1,000 population (boy/girl ratio, 1.2:1.0). The PR was the highest-4.3 per 1,000-in the 5-to-9-year-old age group. The prevalence declined markedly in children age 14 years and on. The correlation between age and PR was negative (-0.542, p < 0.0001) by regression analyses. The most frequent seizure types in the total group were primarily generalized seizures-PR 2. 1/1,000 [rate ratio (RR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2, 1.6]. The predominance of generalized seizures was significant in those younger than 10 years. In 14.8% of cases, there was a history of epilepsy among first- and second-degree relatives. Benign rolandic epilepsy-PR 0.2/1,000-was the most frequent among idiopathic syndromes, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome-PR 0.08/1,000-was the most frequent among cryptogenic ones. Perinatal factors-PR 0.8/1,000 were the most frequently found cause of epilepsy. In 304 cases (54.2%), additional medical problems existed.
The prevalence of childhood epilepsy was comparable with that found in developed countries. Generalized seizures predominated, and the main cause was perinatal factors.
确定爱沙尼亚儿童癫痫的患病率（PR）及主要特征。
我们对1995年1月至1997年12月爱沙尼亚七个县所有可能的医疗保健来源进行了基于人群的病例确诊。仅纳入年龄在1个月至19岁、患有活动性癫痫（即过去5年内至少发作一次，无论是否接受治疗）的患者。所有患者均由儿科神经科医生进行检查。
在患病率调查日，即1997年12月31日，有560例病例符合研究标准。总患病率为每1000人中有3.6例（男/女比例为1.2:1.0）。5至9岁年龄组的患病率最高，为每1000人中有4.3例。14岁及以上儿童的患病率显著下降。经回归分析，年龄与患病率之间的相关性为负（-0.542，p<0.0001）。在整个研究组中，最常见的发作类型主要是全身性发作——患病率为2.1/1000[率比（RR）为1.4，95%置信区间（CI）为1.2,1.6]。全身性发作在10岁以下儿童中占主导地位。在14.8%的病例中，一级和二级亲属中有癫痫病史。良性罗兰多癫痫——患病率为0.2/1000——是特发性综合征中最常见的，而Lennox-Gastaut综合征——患病率为0.08/1000——是隐源性综合征中最常见的。围产期因素——患病率为0.8/1000——是最常见的癫痫病因。在304例（54.2%）病例中，还存在其他医疗问题。
儿童癫痫的患病率与发达国家相当。全身性发作占主导地位，主要病因是围产期因素。
