Lin L L, Shih Y F, Tsai C B, Chen C J, Lee L A, Hung P T, Hou P K
Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
Optom Vis Sci. 1999 May;76(5):275-81. doi: 10.1097/00006324-199905000-00013.
In order to understand and update the prevalence of myopia in Taiwan, a nationwide survey was performed in 1995.
We stratified the cluster sampling by developmental grading of the city, using a size proportional to the population. Two cities were randomly selected from each city grading. The total number of students enrolled was 11,178, including 5,676 boys and 5,502 girls. The refractive status and corneal radius of each student were measured with an autorefractometer under cycloplegia and checked with retinoscopy. Axial length was measured with biometric ultrasound.
The myopic rate was from 12% at the age of 6, it increased to 56% at the age of 12, and then to 76% at the age of 15. A myopic rate of 84% was found for the age range of 16 to 18. The prevalence of high myopia (over -6.0 D) at the age of 18 was 20% in girls and 12% in boys. The mean refractive status became myopic at the age of 9, then increased to -3.92 D in girls and -2.71 D in boys at the age of 18. The increase of axial length is correspondent with the progression of myopia. The anterior chamber depth (ACD) was deeper with age and the severity of myopia, whereas the corneal curvature remained unchanged. The lens thickness became thinner from age 7 to 13, then it became thicker with age and the severity of myopia after age 15. The prevalence and degree of myopia in girls was more severe than in boys.
The prevalence of myopia in Taiwan increased year by year. The increase in severity and prevalence of high myopia may be due to earlier onset.
为了解并更新台湾地区近视的患病率，于1995年开展了一项全岛性调查。
我们按城市发展等级对整群抽样进行分层，样本量与人口数量成正比。从每个城市等级中随机选取两个城市。共纳入11178名学生，其中男生5676名，女生5502名。使用自动验光仪在睫状肌麻痹状态下测量每名学生的屈光状态和角膜半径，并通过检眼镜检查进行核对。使用生物测量超声仪测量眼轴长度。
6岁时近视率为12%，12岁时增至56%，15岁时进一步增至76%。16至18岁年龄段的近视率为84%。18岁时，高度近视（超过-6.0 D）的患病率在女生中为20%，在男生中为12%。平均屈光状态在9岁时开始变为近视，18岁时女生增至-3.92 D，男生增至-2.71 D。眼轴长度的增加与近视进展相对应。前房深度随年龄和近视严重程度增加而加深，而角膜曲率保持不变。晶状体厚度在7至13岁时变薄，15岁后随年龄和近视严重程度增加而增厚。女生近视的患病率和程度比男生更严重。
台湾地区近视患病率逐年上升。高度近视严重程度和患病率的增加可能归因于发病年龄提前。
