Murphy S A, Braun T, Tillery L, Cain K C, Johnson L C, Beaton R D
Department of Psychosocial and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7263, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 1999 Apr;12(2):273-91. doi: 10.1023/A:1024724425597.
This study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among parents bereaved by the violent deaths of their 12- to 28-year-old children. A community-based sample of 171 bereaved mothers and 90 fathers was recruited by a review of Medical Examiner records and followed for 2 years. Four important findings emerged: Both parents' gender and children's causes of death significantly affected the prevalence of PTSD symptoms. Twice as many mothers and fathers whose children were murdered met PTSD caseness (full diagnostic) criteria compared with accident and suicide bereavement. Symptoms in the reexperiencing domain were the most commonly reported. PTSD symptoms persisted over time, with 21% of the mothers and 14% of the fathers who provided longitudinal data still meeting caseness criteria 2 years after the deaths. Parents who met caseness criteria for PTSD, compared with those who did not, were significantly different on multiple study variables. Both theoretical and clinical implications for the findings are discussed.
本研究调查了因12至28岁子女暴力死亡而痛失亲人的父母中创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的患病率。通过审查法医记录，招募了一个以社区为基础的样本，包括171名丧子母亲和90名丧子父亲，并对他们进行了为期2年的跟踪。出现了四个重要发现：父母的性别和孩子的死因都显著影响了PTSD症状的患病率。与因意外和自杀痛失亲人的父母相比，孩子被谋杀的父母中符合PTSD病例（完全诊断）标准的人数是前者的两倍。重新体验领域的症状是最常被报告的。PTSD症状随着时间持续存在，在提供纵向数据的父母中，21%的母亲和14%的父亲在孩子死亡2年后仍符合病例标准。与未符合标准的父母相比，符合PTSD病例标准的父母在多个研究变量上存在显著差异。文中讨论了这些发现的理论和临床意义。
