Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, 8785University of California, San Francisco, United States.
Clinical Research Trials Office, 311816University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 2022 Nov;23(4):215-227. doi: 10.1177/15271544221118319. Epub 2022 Sep 6.
A healthcare workforce representative of the race/ethnicity composition of the population it serves is central to addressing systemic health inequities. The aim of this study was to assess workforce trends of underrepresented minority (URM) nurses using the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses years 2008 and 2018 and the American Community Survey years 2010 and 2019. We examined changes over time in URM composition (Black/African American (B/AA), Latine, American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI)) for registered nurses (RN), nurse practitioners (NPs), educational attainment (diploma/associate, BSN, MS(N)/PhD), job type (patient care, research, administration/supervision, teaching, other), and rural/urban location using descriptive statistics and bivariate regressions. While the proportion of the URM RN workforce grew significantly, the only URM group demonstrating proportional gains in the APRN workforce were Latine nurses. URM representation in educational attainment grew across all degree types. By 2018/2019, Latine nurses have their largest representation in the Dipl./ASN degree group and saw a proportional decline for PhD educated nurses. B/AA nurses have their largest representation at the MS(N)/PhD level. However, smaller proportions of B/AA nurses were working as APRNs compared to their non-URM colleagues. At the PhD level, few B/AA nurses were represented in research and teaching positions. A subgroup analysis of unemployed nurses seeking work revealed that B/AA and AI/AN nurses were overrepresented among unemployed nurses. While today's nursing workforce is more representative of the nation than ever before, results show unequal representation of URM and non-URM nurses across the ranks of the nursing professions that suggest unequal career and labor market opportunities.
医疗保健劳动力的种族/族裔构成与所服务人群的种族/族裔构成相匹配，这对于解决系统性健康不平等问题至关重要。本研究旨在利用 2008 年和 2018 年全国注册护士抽样调查以及 2010 年和 2019 年美国社区调查数据，评估代表性不足的少数族裔（URM）护士的劳动力趋势。我们使用描述性统计和双变量回归分析，研究了注册护士（RN）、执业护士（NP）、教育程度（文凭/大专、BSN、MSN/博士）、工作类型（患者护理、研究、管理/监督、教学、其他）和城乡地理位置的 URM 构成（黑人/非裔美国人（B/AA）、拉丁裔、美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民（AI/AN）、夏威夷原住民/太平洋岛民（NH/PI））随时间的变化。尽管 URM RN 劳动力的比例显著增长，但在 APRN 劳动力中，唯一显示出比例增长的 URM 群体是拉丁裔护士。URM 在教育程度方面的代表性在所有学位类型中都有所增加。到 2018/2019 年，拉丁裔护士在文凭/大专程度群体中的代表性最大，而博士学历护士的比例则有所下降。B/AA 护士在 MSN/博士水平上的代表性最大。然而，与非 URM 同事相比，B/AA 护士担任 APRN 的比例较小。在博士水平上，B/AA 护士在研究和教学职位中的代表性很少。对失业寻求工作的护士进行的亚组分析表明，失业护士中 B/AA 和 AI/AN 护士的比例过高。虽然今天的护理劳动力比以往任何时候都更能代表国家，但结果表明 URM 和非 URM 护士在护理职业的各个阶层中的代表性不平等，这表明他们在职业和劳动力市场机会方面不平等。
