Bingham J, Foggin C M, Wandeler A I, Hill F W
Central Veterinary Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1999 Mar;66(1):11-23.
The epidemiology of rabies in Canis adustus (the side-striped jackal) and Canis mesomelas (the black-backed jackal) in Zimbabwe is described using data collected from 1950-1996. Cases in the two species made up 25.2% of all confirmed cases, second only to domestic dogs. Since the species of jackal cases was not recorded on rabies submission forms, the country was divided into areas according to species dominance and jackal cases were assigned to either C. adustus or C. mesomelas dominant zones or a sympatric zone where the relative status of the species is not known. Jackal rabies in both species is maintained in the commercial farming sector. Jackal rabies in the C. adustus zone occurs as dense epidemics, which begin at a single focus and spread centrifugally. The foci were initiated by rabid dogs, but once initiated the epidemic is maintained by C. adustus independently of other species. The extent of outbreaks in the C. adustus zone was limited by geographical (landuse type and jackal species interface) boundaries. Jackal rabies in C. adustus zones showed two seasonal peaks with the main peak occurring during late summer and the second peak during winter. In the C. mesomelas zone jackal rabies was more sparse but it occurred during most years. C. mesomelas is also able to maintain rabies independently of other species, although the epidemiology of the disease in this species is unclear. Transmission of rabies cycles between the two jackal species zones does not appear to occur as epidemics terminate when crossing the C. adustus and C. mesomelas interface boundaries.
利用1950年至1996年收集的数据，描述了津巴布韦侧纹胡狼（Canis adustus）和黑背胡狼（Canis mesomelas）的狂犬病流行病学情况。这两个物种的病例占所有确诊病例的25.2%，仅次于家犬。由于狂犬病报告表上未记录胡狼病例的物种，该国根据物种优势区域进行划分，胡狼病例被分配到侧纹胡狼或黑背胡狼优势区，或一个物种相对地位未知的同域区。两个物种的胡狼狂犬病均在商业养殖部门持续存在。侧纹胡狼区的胡狼狂犬病以密集流行的形式出现，始于单个疫点并呈离心式传播。疫点由狂犬病犬引发，但一旦开始流行，就由侧纹胡狼独立维持，与其他物种无关。侧纹胡狼区疫情的范围受到地理（土地利用类型和胡狼物种界面）边界的限制。侧纹胡狼区的胡狼狂犬病有两个季节性高峰，主要高峰出现在夏末，第二个高峰出现在冬季。在黑背胡狼区，胡狼狂犬病较为稀疏，但多数年份都会发生。黑背胡狼也能够独立于其他物种维持狂犬病传播，尽管该物种疾病的流行病学尚不清楚。当跨越侧纹胡狼和黑背胡狼的界面边界时，狂犬病疫情会终止，两个胡狼物种区之间似乎不会发生狂犬病传播循环。
