Mahloch J, Jackson J C, Chitnarong K, Sam R, Ngo L S, Taylor V M
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA.
J Cancer Educ. 1999 Summer;14(2):109-14. doi: 10.1080/08858199909528591.
Southeast Asian women have higher invasive cervical cancer rates than any other U.S. racial/ethnic population subgroup, and their levels of Pap testing do not even approach the year 2000 goals. Video is a particularly useful medium for cancer education in Cambodian refugee communities because of low literacy levels and high rates of VCR ownership.
The authors produced a motivational Pap-testing video for Cambodian American women. The 18-minute Khmer-language video is entitled "The Preservation of Traditions." Content, with respect to cervical cancer screening barriers and facilitators, was guided by intensive qualitative data collection. Barriers addressed were: beliefs that traditional postpartum practices protect against cervical disease, Cambodians do not get cervical cancer, and screening is unnecessary; fear of cancer as well as surgery; lack of understanding about preventive concepts and familiarity with the Pap test; concerns about embarrassment and pain; and problems with transportation and child care. Facilitators included the availability of female physicians and interpreters. A community coalition of Cambodian women and two community advisors participated in all aspects of the video development and production. Video techniques frequently used in American productions were adapted to the target audience. For example, cultural context was provided, use of biomedical terminology minimized, role modeling emphasized, and testimonial accounts avoided.
The processes used to translate empirical evidence into meaningful educational messages, and to adapt American behavioral change techniques to Cambodian cultural norms, are generalizable to other less acculturated immigrant groups and cancer education topics.
东南亚女性的浸润性宫颈癌发病率高于美国其他任何种族/族裔人群亚组，且她们的巴氏试验水平甚至未达到2000年的目标。由于识字率低且录像机拥有率高，视频是柬埔寨难民社区癌症教育的一种特别有用的媒介。
作者为柬裔美国女性制作了一部关于巴氏试验的激励性视频。这部18分钟的高棉语视频名为《传统的传承》。关于宫颈癌筛查障碍和促进因素的内容，是在密集的定性数据收集的指导下确定的。所涉及的障碍包括：认为传统产后做法可预防宫颈疾病、柬埔寨人不会患宫颈癌且筛查不必要；对癌症以及手术的恐惧；对预防概念缺乏了解且不熟悉巴氏试验；担心尴尬和疼痛；以及交通和儿童照料方面的问题。促进因素包括有女医生和翻译人员。一个由柬埔寨女性组成的社区联盟和两位社区顾问参与了视频开发和制作的各个方面。美国制作中常用的视频技术被调整以适应目标受众。例如，提供了文化背景，尽量减少生物医学术语的使用，强调榜样示范，并避免推荐性叙述。
将实证证据转化为有意义的教育信息，以及使美国行为改变技术适应柬埔寨文化规范所采用的过程，可推广到其他文化适应程度较低的移民群体和癌症教育主题。
