Silano M, De Vincenzi M
Università di Milano, Ospedale S. Paolo, III Scuola di Specializzazione in Pediatria, IV Clinica Pediatrica, Milano, Italia.
Nahrung. 1999 Jun;43(3):175-84. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3803(19990601)43:3<175::AID-FOOD175>3.0.CO;2-Z.
Alcohol-soluble endosperm proteins (prolamins) from some cereals (e.g. wheat, barley, and rye) give origin upon proteolytic digestion to biologically-active antinutritional peptides able to adversely affect in vivo the intestinal mucosa of coeliac patients, whereas prolamins from other cereals (e.g. maize and rice) do not. These antinutritional peptides are also able to: (a) prevent in vitro recovery of atrophic coeliac mucosa; (b) to inhibit differentiation of isolated rat fetal and chick fetal intestines; and (c) to interact with undifferentiated cells either agglutinating them or affecting their proliferation and metabolism. Studies performed with A-gliadin, a highly purified bread wheat prolamin fraction, and its fragments obtained either by chemical cleavage of A-gliadin or by synthesis from aminoacids, clearly pointed out to a few small sequences very rich in glutamine and proline residues as the biologically-active agents. Several protective substances, including mannan and N,N',N"-triacetylchitotriose, have been identified as being able to prevent the effects of these peptides in vitro, but the evidence of their in vivo activity is still missing. The present paper provides a synthetic overview of the available data concerning this highly complex matter and offers a critical appraisal of present hypotheses on the action mechanism of biologically-active peptides derived from cereal prolamins.
某些谷物（如小麦、大麦和黑麦）中的醇溶性胚乳蛋白（醇溶蛋白）在蛋白水解消化后会产生具有生物活性的抗营养肽，这些肽会对乳糜泻患者的肠道黏膜产生不利影响，而其他谷物（如玉米和大米）的醇溶蛋白则不会。这些抗营养肽还能够：（a）阻止萎缩性乳糜泻黏膜在体外恢复；（b）抑制分离的大鼠胎儿和鸡胎儿肠道的分化；以及（c）与未分化细胞相互作用，使其凝集或影响其增殖和代谢。对A-麦醇溶蛋白（一种高度纯化的面包小麦醇溶蛋白组分）及其通过A-麦醇溶蛋白化学裂解或氨基酸合成获得的片段进行的研究清楚地表明，一些富含谷氨酰胺和脯氨酸残基的小序列是生物活性剂。已经鉴定出几种保护物质，包括甘露聚糖和N,N',N"-三乙酰壳三糖，它们能够在体外预防这些肽的作用，但它们体内活性的证据仍然缺乏。本文对有关这一高度复杂问题的现有数据进行了综合概述，并对目前关于谷物醇溶蛋白衍生的生物活性肽作用机制的假设进行了批判性评价。
