Hirvonen T, Pietinen P, Virtanen M, Albanes D, Virtamo J
Department of Nutrition, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Jul 15;150(2):187-94. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009979.
High intakes of calcium, potassium, and fluids have been shown to be associated with lowered risk of kidney stones. The authors studied the associations between diet and risk of kidney stones in a cohort of 27,001 Finnish male smokers aged 50-69 years who were initially free of kidney stones. All men participated in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Lung Cancer Prevention Study and completed a validated dietary questionnaire at baseline. After 5 years of follow-up (1985-1988), 329 men had been diagnosed with kidney stones. After data were controlled for possible confounders, the relative risk of kidney stones for men in the highest quartile of magnesium intake was 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32-0.85) as compared with men in the lowest quartile. Intake of fiber was directly associated with risk (relative risk (RR) = 2.06, 95% CI 1.39-3.03). Calcium intake was not associated with the risk of kidney stones. Beer consumption was inversely associated with risk of kidney stones; each bottle of beer consumed per day was estimated to reduce risk by 40% (RR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.47-0.76). In conclusion, the authors observed that magnesium intake and beer consumption were inversely associated and fiber intake was directly associated with risk of kidney stones.
研究表明，大量摄入钙、钾和液体与降低肾结石风险相关。作者对27001名年龄在50至69岁之间、起初无肾结石的芬兰男性吸烟者队列进行了饮食与肾结石风险之间关联的研究。所有男性均参与了α-生育酚、β-胡萝卜素肺癌预防研究，并在基线时完成了一份经过验证的饮食问卷。经过5年随访（1985 - 1988年），329名男性被诊断患有肾结石。在对可能的混杂因素进行数据控制后，镁摄入量处于最高四分位数的男性患肾结石的相对风险为0.52（95%置信区间（CI）0.32 - 0.85），而最低四分位数的男性相对风险为1。纤维摄入量与风险直接相关（相对风险（RR）= 2.06，95% CI 1.39 - 3.03）。钙摄入量与肾结石风险无关。啤酒消费与肾结石风险呈负相关；每天每多喝一瓶啤酒，估计风险降低40%（RR = 0.60，95% CI 0.47 - 0.76）。总之，作者观察到镁摄入量和啤酒消费与肾结石风险呈负相关，而纤维摄入量与肾结石风险呈正相关。
