den Hertog J
Hubrecht Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Mech Dev. 1999 Jul;85(1-2):3-14. doi: 10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00089-1.
One of the most important mechanisms of eukaryotic signalling is protein phosphorylation on tyrosine residues, which plays a pivotal role in development by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Cellular phosphotyrosine (P.Tyr) levels are regulated by the antagonistic activities of the protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). We have good insight into the function of PTKs at the molecular level and into the role of PTK-mediated signalling in development. Intuitively, PTPs and PTKs are equally important in development. Over the past decade, much emphasis has been placed on elucidation of the function of PTPs, which has led to good insights into the mechanism of PTP-mediated dephosphorylation. Although still relatively little is known about the role of PTPs in cell signalling and development, evidence is now emerging that several PTPs are crucial for proper development. Here I will introduce PTP-mediated signalling and discuss recent findings regarding the function of PTPs in development.
真核生物信号传导最重要的机制之一是酪氨酸残基上的蛋白质磷酸化，它通过调节细胞增殖、分化和迁移在发育过程中起关键作用。细胞磷酸酪氨酸（P.Tyr）水平由蛋白质酪氨酸激酶（PTK）和蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶（PTP）的拮抗活性调节。我们对PTK在分子水平上的功能以及PTK介导的信号传导在发育中的作用有深入了解。直观地说，PTP和PTK在发育中同样重要。在过去十年中，人们非常重视阐明PTP的功能，这使我们对PTP介导的去磷酸化机制有了深入了解。尽管目前对PTP在细胞信号传导和发育中的作用仍然知之甚少，但现在有证据表明，几种PTP对正常发育至关重要。在此，我将介绍PTP介导的信号传导，并讨论有关PTP在发育中功能的最新发现。
