Owsley C, McGwin G
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0009, USA.
Surv Ophthalmol. 1999 May-Jun;43(6):535-50. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6257(99)00035-1.
Driving is the primary mode of travel in many countries. It facilitates the performance of routine daily activities and is thus integral with the concept of quality of life. Vision is inarguably a fundamental component of safe driving. Drivers with certain eye conditions reduce their driving exposure and restrict their driving to the safest times, yet there is preliminary evidence that some eye conditions increase the risk of crashes. Visual acuity is only weakly related to crash involvement, whereas peripheral vision appears to play a more critical role. Color vision deficiency by itself is not a threat to safe driving. Based on the current literature, it is unclear whether other types of visual sensory impairment have a significant impact on driving safety and performance. Tests of visual attention and processing speed show great promise as methods of identifying high-risk drivers. There is a serious need for well-designed studies in key practical areas, such as the safety of low-vision drivers who use bioptic telescopes, the impact of monocular vision impairment on safety, and the effectiveness of vision rescreening policies after initial licensure. For ophthalmologists to guide patients about driving fitness, valid and reliable assessment tools must be developed and made widely available.
在许多国家，驾车是主要的出行方式。它有助于人们进行日常例行活动，因此与生活质量的概念紧密相连。毫无疑问，视力是安全驾驶的一个基本要素。患有某些眼部疾病的驾驶员会减少驾车出行时间，并将驾车时间限制在最安全的时段，但有初步证据表明，一些眼部疾病会增加撞车风险。视力敏锐度与撞车事故的关联较弱，而周边视觉似乎起着更为关键的作用。色觉缺陷本身并非安全驾驶的威胁。基于目前的文献，尚不清楚其他类型的视觉感官损伤是否会对驾驶安全和驾驶表现产生重大影响。视觉注意力和处理速度测试作为识别高危驾驶员的方法具有很大潜力。在一些关键的实际领域，如使用双目望远镜的低视力驾驶员的安全性、单眼视力损伤对安全性的影响以及初次获得驾照后视力重新筛查政策的有效性等方面，迫切需要开展精心设计的研究。为了让眼科医生能够就驾驶适宜性为患者提供指导，必须开发并广泛提供有效且可靠的评估工具。
