Parrell Benjamin, Houde John
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019 Aug 29;62(8S):2963-2985. doi: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-S-CSMC7-18-0127.
Purpose While the speech motor system is sensitive to feedback perturbations, sensory feedback does not seem to be critical to speech motor production. How the speech motor system is able to be so flexible in its use of sensory feedback remains an open question. Method We draw on evidence from a variety of disciplines to summarize current understanding of the sensory systems' role in speech motor control, including both online control and motor learning. We focus particularly on computational models of speech motor control that incorporate sensory feedback, as these models provide clear encapsulations of different theories of sensory systems' function in speech production. These computational models include the well-established directions into velocities of articulators model and computational models that we have been developing in our labs based on the domain-general theory of state feedback control (feedback aware control of tasks in speech model). Results After establishing the architecture of the models, we show that both the directions into velocities of articulators and state feedback control/feedback aware control of tasks models can replicate key behaviors related to sensory feedback in the speech motor system. Although the models agree on many points, the underlying architecture of the 2 models differs in a few key ways, leading to different predictions in certain areas. We cover key disagreements between the models to show the limits of our current understanding and point toward areas where future experimental studies can resolve these questions. Conclusions Understanding the role of sensory information in the speech motor system is critical to understanding speech motor production and sensorimotor learning in healthy speakers as well as in disordered populations. Computational models, with their concrete implementations and testable predictions, are an important tool to understand this process. Comparison of different models can highlight areas of agreement and disagreement in the field and point toward future experiments to resolve important outstanding questions about the speech motor control system.
目的 虽然言语运动系统对反馈扰动敏感，但感觉反馈似乎对言语运动产生并非至关重要。言语运动系统如何能够在感觉反馈的使用上如此灵活仍是一个悬而未决的问题。方法 我们借鉴来自多个学科的证据，以总结当前对感觉系统在言语运动控制中作用的理解，包括在线控制和运动学习。我们特别关注纳入感觉反馈的言语运动控制计算模型，因为这些模型清晰地概括了感觉系统在言语产生中功能的不同理论。这些计算模型包括成熟的发音器官方向到速度模型以及我们实验室基于状态反馈控制的领域通用理论（言语任务中的反馈感知控制模型）开发的计算模型。结果 在建立模型架构后，我们表明发音器官方向到速度模型以及状态反馈控制/言语任务中的反馈感知控制模型都可以复制与言语运动系统中感觉反馈相关的关键行为。尽管这些模型在许多方面达成一致，但这两种模型的底层架构在一些关键方面存在差异，导致在某些领域有不同的预测。我们涵盖了模型之间的关键分歧，以展示我们当前理解的局限性，并指出未来实验研究可以解决这些问题的领域。结论 了解感觉信息在言语运动系统中的作用对于理解健康个体以及言语障碍人群的言语运动产生和感觉运动学习至关重要。计算模型及其具体实现和可测试的预测是理解这一过程的重要工具。比较不同模型可以突出该领域的一致和分歧领域，并指出未来实验以解决关于言语运动控制系统的重要未决问题。
