Niehaus F, Bertoldo C, Kähler M, Antranikian G
Technical University Hamburg-Harburg, Institute of Technical Microbiology, Germany.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1999 Jun;51(6):711-29. doi: 10.1007/s002530051456.
Extremophilic microorganisms are adapted to survive in ecological niches such as at high temperatures, extremes of pH, high salt concentrations and high pressure. These microorganisms produce unique biocatalysts that function under extreme conditions comparable to those prevailing in various industrial processes. Some of the enzymes from extremophiles have already been purified and their genes successfully cloned in mesophilic hosts. In this review we will briefly discuss the biotechnological significance of extreme thermophilic (optimal growth 70-80 degrees C) and hyperthermophilic (optimal growth 85-100 degrees C) archaea and bacteria. In particular, we will focus on selected extracellular-polymer-degrading enzymes, such as amylases, pullulanases, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases, cellulases, xylanases, chitinases, proteinases and other enzymes such as esterases, glucose isomerases, alcohol dehydrogenases and DNA-modifying enzymes with potential use in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries and in environmental biotechnology.
嗜极微生物能够适应在高温、极端pH值、高盐浓度和高压等生态位中生存。这些微生物产生独特的生物催化剂，它们在与各种工业过程中普遍存在的条件相当的极端条件下起作用。一些来自嗜极微生物的酶已经被纯化，并且它们的基因已成功克隆到嗜温宿主中。在这篇综述中，我们将简要讨论极端嗜热（最佳生长温度70-80摄氏度）和超嗜热（最佳生长温度85-100摄氏度）古菌和细菌的生物技术意义。特别是，我们将重点关注选定的细胞外聚合物降解酶，如淀粉酶、支链淀粉酶、环糊精糖基转移酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、几丁质酶、蛋白酶以及其他酶，如酯酶、葡萄糖异构酶、乙醇脱氢酶和在食品、化学和制药工业以及环境生物技术中具有潜在用途的DNA修饰酶。
