Kopelman M D, Stanhope N, Kingsley D
Neuropsychiatry and Memory Disorders Clinic, Division of Psychiatry and Psychology, Kings College London, UK.
Neuropsychologia. 1999 Jul;37(8):939-58. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00143-2.
Patients with focal diencephalic, temporal lobe, or frontal lobe lesions were examined on various measures of remote memory. Korsakoff patients showed a severe impairment with a characteristic 'temporal gradient', whereas two patients with focal diencephalic damage (and anterograde amnesia) were virtually unimpaired on remote memory measures. Patients with frontal lobe pathology were severely impaired in the recall of autobiographical incidents and famous news events. Patients with temporal lobe pathology showed severe impairment but a relatively 'flat' temporal gradient, largely attributable to herpes encephalitis patients. From recognition and cued recall tasks, it is argued that there is an important retrieval component to the remote memory deficit across all the lesion groups. In general, the pattern of performance by the frontal lobe and temporal lobe groups was closely similar, and there was no evidence of any major access/storage difference between them. However, laterality comparisons across these groups indicated that the right temporal and frontal lobe regions may make a greater contribution to the retrieval of past episodic (incident and event) memories, whereas the left temporal region is more closely involved in the lexical-semantic labelling of remote memories.
对患有局灶性间脑、颞叶或额叶病变的患者进行了多种远程记忆测量。科尔萨科夫综合征患者表现出严重受损，并具有典型的“时间梯度”，而两名患有局灶性间脑损伤（及顺行性遗忘）的患者在远程记忆测量中几乎未受损。额叶病变患者在自传事件和著名新闻事件的回忆方面严重受损。颞叶病变患者表现出严重受损，但时间梯度相对“平缓”，这主要归因于疱疹性脑炎患者。从识别和线索回忆任务来看，有人认为在所有病变组的远程记忆缺陷中都存在一个重要的提取成分。总体而言，额叶和颞叶组的表现模式非常相似，没有证据表明它们之间存在任何重大的获取/存储差异。然而，对这些组的左右侧比较表明，右侧颞叶和额叶区域可能对过去情景（事件和经历）记忆的提取贡献更大，而左侧颞叶区域则更密切地参与远程记忆的词汇语义标记。
