Liang W, Shediac-Rizkallah M C, Celentano D D, Rohde C
Vincent T. Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C., USA.
Am J Prev Med. 1999 Jul;17(1):8-17. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(99)00040-9.
Most research on preventive health behaviors has focused on individual rather than groups of behaviors. This study examined interrelationships among multiple preventive health behaviors in different age and gender groups.
From 1990 to 1992, Maryland residents were surveyed by telephone through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The study sample of 4455 was divided into 8 groups based on age (18-24, 25-39, 40-54, and 55+) and gender. Correlation and oblique rotated factor analyses were used to examine patterns of 8 to 11 preventive health behaviors in each age-gender group.
Medical checkup and cholesterol test formed one behavioral cluster in the four male age groups. Breast and cervical cancer screening (mammogram, clinical breast examination [CBE], and Pap Smear) did not form one cluster until age 55 or older; Pap smear, CBE formed one cluster for women of all ages. Risk-taking behaviors were only prominent in the youngest age group: Seatbelt non-use, smoking, and drinking formed one cluster in younger males, and drinking and driving after drinking clustered in younger females.
Screening and risk-taking behaviors form distinct groups, and behavioral patterns differ by age and gender. Public health programs should consider multi-behavioral approaches, and be sensitive to the gender and age of the target population.
大多数关于预防性健康行为的研究都集中在个体行为而非行为群组上。本研究调查了不同年龄和性别群体中多种预防性健康行为之间的相互关系。
1990年至1992年，通过行为危险因素监测系统对马里兰州居民进行电话调查。4455名研究样本根据年龄（18 - 24岁、25 - 39岁、40 - 54岁和55岁以上）和性别分为8组。采用相关性分析和斜交旋转因子分析来研究每个年龄 - 性别组中8至11种预防性健康行为的模式。
在四个男性年龄组中，医学检查和胆固醇检测形成一个行为群组。乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查（乳房X光检查、临床乳房检查[CBE]和巴氏涂片检查）直到55岁及以上才形成一个群组；巴氏涂片检查和CBE在所有年龄段的女性中形成一个群组。冒险行为仅在最年轻的年龄组中较为突出：不系安全带、吸烟和饮酒在年轻男性中形成一个群组，而酒后驾车在年轻女性中聚集。
筛查行为和冒险行为形成不同的群组，并且行为模式因年龄和性别而异。公共卫生项目应考虑采用多行为方法，并对目标人群的性别和年龄保持敏感。
