Centeno J A, Mullick F G, Panos R G, Miller F W, Valenzuela-Espinoza A
Department of Environmental and Toxicologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA.
Mod Pathol. 1999 Jul;12(7):714-21.
Raman spectroscopy (the analysis of scattered photons after excitation with a monochromatic light source) provides a nondestructive method for identifying organic and inorganic materials on the basis of the molecule's characteristic spectrum of vibrational frequencies. Although the technique has been predominantly applied in sciences other than pathology, the recent advent of high-quality microscope optics coupled to optical Raman spectrometers (a variation known as a Raman microprobe) rendered this technique amenable to applications in human pathology. In the Raman microprobe, a laser beam is focused on a spot approximately 1 microm in diameter on the surface of the sample, e.g., tissue, and the scattered light is collected and analyzed. In this investigation, we used the Raman microprobe for the identification of foreign materials in breast implant capsular tissues. The characteristic silicone group frequencies associated with the silicon-oxygen stretch, the silicone-carbon stretch, the silicon-methyl and the methyl carbon-hydrogen stretch frequencies were used to identify polydimethylsiloxane and to define chemical differences among the various other implant-related inclusions. All of the inclusions were positively identified in a series of 44 capsules from silicone gel-filled implants: polydimethylsiloxane was found in 44 of 44 capsules surrounding silicone gel-filled implants; polyurethane was seen in 4 of 4 capsules around polyurethane foam-coated gel-filled implants; 4 of 4 capsules enveloping Dacron patch gel-filled implants revealed Dacron; and talc was identified in 8 of these 44 capsules. Raman microspectroscopy provides a rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for identifying inclusions associated with silicone and other implant materials in tissue.
拉曼光谱法（用单色光源激发后对散射光子进行分析）提供了一种基于分子振动频率特征光谱来识别有机和无机材料的无损方法。尽管该技术主要应用于病理学以外的学科，但近年来，高质量显微镜光学元件与光学拉曼光谱仪（一种称为拉曼微探针的变体）的出现，使该技术适用于人类病理学应用。在拉曼微探针中，激光束聚焦在样品（如组织）表面直径约1微米的点上，然后收集并分析散射光。在本研究中，我们使用拉曼微探针来识别乳房植入物包膜组织中的异物。与硅氧拉伸、硅碳拉伸、硅甲基和甲基碳氢拉伸频率相关的特征性硅氧烷基团频率被用于识别聚二甲基硅氧烷，并确定各种其他与植入物相关的内含物之间的化学差异。在一系列来自硅胶填充植入物的44个包膜中，所有内含物均得到了明确鉴定：在44个围绕硅胶填充植入物的包膜中，44个发现了聚二甲基硅氧烷；在聚氨酯泡沫涂层凝胶填充植入物周围的4个包膜中，4个发现了聚氨酯；在包裹涤纶贴片凝胶填充植入物的4个包膜中，4个发现了涤纶；在这44个包膜中的8个中发现了滑石粉。拉曼显微光谱法为识别组织中与硅酮和其他植入材料相关的内含物提供了一种快速、准确且灵敏的方法。
