Brenner I K, Castellani J W, Gabaree C, Young A J, Zamecnik J, Shephard R J, Shek P N
Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toronto, Ontario M3M 3B9.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 Aug;87(2):699-710. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.2.699.
This study examined the immunological responses to cold exposure together with the effects of pretreatment with either passive heating or exercise (with and without a thermal clamp). On four separate occasions, seven healthy men [mean age 24.0 +/- 1.9 (SE) yr, peak oxygen consumption = 45.7 +/- 2.0 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)] sat for 2 h in a climatic chamber maintained at 5 degrees C. Before exposure, subjects participated in one of four pretreatment conditions. For the thermoneutral control condition, subjects remained seated for 1 h in a water bath at 35 degrees C. In another pretreatment, subjects were passively heated in a warm (38 degrees C) water bath for 1 h. In two other pretreatments, subjects exercised for 1 h at 55% peak oxygen consumption (once immersed in 18 degrees C water and once in 35 degrees C water). Core temperature rose by 1 degrees C during passive heating and during exercise in 35 degrees C water and remained stable during exercise in 18 degrees C water (thermal clamping). Subsequent cold exposure induced a leukocytosis and granulocytosis, an increase in natural killer cell count and activity, and a rise in circulating levels of interleukin-6. Pretreatment with exercise in 18 degrees C water augmented the leukocyte, granulocyte, and monocyte response. These results indicate that acute cold exposure has immunostimulating effects and that, with thermal clamping, pretreatment with physical exercise can enhance this response. Increases in levels of circulating norepinephrine may account for the changes observed during cold exposure and their modification by changes in initial status.
本研究考察了冷暴露的免疫反应以及被动加热或运动预处理（有或没有热钳制）的效果。在四个不同的时间段，七名健康男性[平均年龄24.0±1.9（标准误）岁，最大摄氧量=45.7±2.0 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹]在温度维持于5℃的气候舱内静坐2小时。在暴露前，受试者参与四种预处理条件之一。对于热中性对照条件，受试者在35℃的水浴中静坐1小时。在另一种预处理中，受试者在温暖（38℃）的水浴中被动加热1小时。在另外两种预处理中，受试者以55%的最大摄氧量运动1小时（一次浸入18℃水中，一次浸入35℃水中）。在被动加热期间以及在35℃水中运动期间，核心体温上升1℃，而在18℃水中运动期间（热钳制）保持稳定。随后的冷暴露诱导了白细胞增多和粒细胞增多、自然杀伤细胞数量和活性增加以及循环白细胞介素-6水平升高。在18℃水中运动预处理增强了白细胞、粒细胞和单核细胞反应。这些结果表明，急性冷暴露具有免疫刺激作用，并且在热钳制的情况下，体育锻炼预处理可以增强这种反应。循环去甲肾上腺素水平的升高可能解释了冷暴露期间观察到的变化以及初始状态变化对其的改变。
