Bennell K, White S, Crossley K
School of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Br J Sports Med. 1999 Aug;33(4):231-8. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.33.4.231.
To determine the effects of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) on skeletal health, soft tissue injury, and performance in female athletes.
A literature review was performed using literature retrieval methods to locate relevant studies.
Most female athletes primarily choose to use the OCP for contraceptive purposes, but cycle manipulation and control of premenstrual symptoms are secondary advantages of its use. The effect of the OCP on bone density in normally menstruating women is unclear, with some studies reporting no effect, others a positive effect, and some even a negative effect. The OCP is often prescribed for the treatment of menstrual disturbances in female athletes, and improvements in bone density may result. Whether the OCP influences the risk of stress fracture and soft tissue injuries is not clear from research to date. Effects of the OCP on performance are particularly relevant for elite sportswomen. Although a reduction in Vo2MAX has been reported in some studies, this may not necessarily translate to impaired performance in the field. Moreover, some studies claim that the OCP may well enhance performance by reducing premenstrual symptoms and menstrual blood loss. A fear of weight gain with the use of the OCP is not well founded, as population studies report no effect on weight, particularly with the lower dose pills currently available.
Overall, the advantages of the pill for sportswomen would appear to outweigh any potential disadvantages. Nevertheless, there is individual variation in response to the OCP and these should be taken into account and monitored in the clinical situation. Women should be counselled as to the range of potential benefits and disadvantages in order to make an informed decision based on individual circumstances.
确定口服避孕药（OCP）对女运动员骨骼健康、软组织损伤及运动表现的影响。
采用文献检索方法进行文献综述以查找相关研究。
大多数女运动员主要出于避孕目的选择使用OCP，但调节月经周期和控制经前症状是其使用的次要益处。OCP对正常月经女性骨密度的影响尚不清楚，一些研究报告无影响，另一些研究报告有积极影响，甚至还有一些研究报告有负面影响。OCP常被用于治疗女运动员的月经紊乱，可能会使骨密度得到改善。迄今为止的研究尚不清楚OCP是否会影响应力性骨折和软组织损伤的风险。OCP对运动表现的影响对精英女运动员尤为重要。虽然一些研究报告称最大摄氧量（Vo2MAX）有所降低，但这不一定会转化为实际运动表现受损。此外，一些研究称OCP可能通过减轻经前症状和月经失血来提高运动表现。担心使用OCP会导致体重增加是没有充分依据的，因为人群研究报告称对体重没有影响，尤其是对目前可用的低剂量避孕药而言。
总体而言，避孕药对女运动员的益处似乎超过任何潜在弊端。然而，个体对OCP的反应存在差异，在临床情况下应予以考虑并进行监测。应向女性咨询潜在益处和弊端的范围，以便根据个人情况做出明智的决定。
