Wojtys E M, Huston L J, Lindenfeld T N, Hewett T E, Greenfield M L
MedSport, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 1998 Sep-Oct;26(5):614-9. doi: 10.1177/03635465980260050301.
Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates are four to eight times higher in women than in men. Because of estrogen's direct effect on collagen metabolism and behavior and because neuromuscular performance varies during the menstrual cycle, it is logical to question the menstrual cycle's effect on knee injury rates. Of 40 consecutive female athletes with acute anterior cruciate ligament injuries (less than 3 months), 28 (average age, 23 +/- 11 years) met the study criteria of regular menstrual periods and noncontact injury. Details concerning mechanism of injury, menstrual cycle, contraceptive use, and previous injury history were collected. A chi-square test was used to compute observed and expected frequencies of anterior cruciate ligament injury based on three different phases of the menstrual cycle: follicular (days 1 to 9), ovulatory (days 10 to 14), and luteal (day 15 to end of cycle). A significant statistical association was found between the stage of the menstrual cycle and the likelihood for an anterior cruciate ligament injury (P = 0.03). In particular, there were more injuries than expected in the ovulatory phase of the cycle. In contrast, significantly fewer injuries occurred in the follicular phase. These hormones may be a factor in the knee ligament injury dilemma in women.
女性前交叉韧带损伤率比男性高4至8倍。由于雌激素对胶原蛋白代谢和行为有直接影响，且神经肌肉功能在月经周期中会发生变化，因此质疑月经周期对膝关节损伤率的影响是合乎逻辑的。在40名连续患有急性前交叉韧带损伤（不到3个月）的女性运动员中，28名（平均年龄23±11岁）符合月经周期规律且为非接触性损伤的研究标准。收集了有关损伤机制、月经周期、避孕措施使用情况和既往损伤史的详细信息。采用卡方检验根据月经周期的三个不同阶段计算前交叉韧带损伤的观察频率和预期频率：卵泡期（第1至9天）、排卵期（第10至14天）和黄体期（第15天至周期结束）。发现月经周期阶段与前交叉韧带损伤可能性之间存在显著的统计学关联（P = 0.03）。特别是，在周期的排卵期损伤比预期的更多。相比之下，卵泡期的损伤明显较少。这些激素可能是女性膝关节韧带损伤难题的一个因素。
