Moore B, Lyons S A, Walline J
New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
J Am Optom Assoc. 1999 Apr;70(4):215-24.
Hyperopia is the most common refractive error of children. Children with mild (or even moderate) levels of hyperopia usually do not experience visual problems resulting from this hyperopia. However, children with moderate-to-high degrees of hyperopia are at significantly increased risk for the development of amblyopia and strabismus. It is this association with these visually threatening disorders that makes hyperopia in children an important public health problem. In addition, even lesser degrees of hyperopia may affect the child's ability to perform well in near-related tasks, such as reading. The effect hyperopia has on an individual child is dependent on a variety of factors, including the magnitude of hyperopia, the age of the individual, the status of the accommodative and convergence system, and the demands placed on the visual system. Early detection and treatment of hyperopia may help prevention of potential complications from adversely impacting the child's vision. Although much is known about childhood hyperopia and its effects on vision, there is also much that is not known. The natural history, ocular biometry, relationship to accommodative function, the indications for treatment, and the most effective treatment modalities are among the underlying issues and clinical considerations awaiting more complete understanding.
远视是儿童最常见的屈光不正。轻度（甚至中度）远视的儿童通常不会因这种远视而出现视觉问题。然而，中高度远视的儿童患弱视和斜视的风险显著增加。正是与这些威胁视力的疾病的关联，使得儿童远视成为一个重要的公共卫生问题。此外，即使是程度较轻的远视也可能影响孩子在近距离相关任务（如阅读）中的表现。远视对个体儿童的影响取决于多种因素，包括远视的程度、个体的年龄、调节和集合系统的状态以及对视觉系统的需求。早期发现和治疗远视可能有助于预防潜在并发症对儿童视力产生不利影响。尽管人们对儿童远视及其对视力的影响了解很多，但仍有许多未知之处。自然病史、眼生物测量、与调节功能的关系、治疗指征以及最有效的治疗方式等都是有待更全面了解的潜在问题和临床考量因素。
