Lancet. 1999 Mar 6;353(9155):832-5.
Effective, feasible interventions to prevent perinatal transmission of HIV-1 in developing nations are an urgent necessity. Scientific issues of concern include a need to identify other effective antiretroviral agents; to define the shortest effective course of therapy; to assess interventions other than antiretroviral agents; and to investigate interventions that may reduce HIV-1 transmission via breastfeeding. Sound scientific design is fundamental to all research studies. Ethical standards must guide such studies and include the necessity that the problem studied be a health priority in the host country; that the highest standard of care attainable in the country be assured to participants; that the health-care resources of the country not be harmed; that the informed consent of participants be obtained; and that a process of discussion ensure that a successful intervention will be considered for implementation. There are circumstances in which a no-antiretroviral comparison may be ethically justified.
在发展中国家，采取有效且可行的干预措施来预防HIV-1围产期传播迫在眉睫。令人关注的科学问题包括：需要确定其他有效的抗逆转录病毒药物；确定最短的有效治疗疗程；评估抗逆转录病毒药物以外的干预措施；以及研究可能减少通过母乳喂养传播HIV-1的干预措施。合理的科学设计是所有研究的基础。伦理标准必须指导此类研究，这些标准包括：所研究的问题必须是东道国的卫生优先事项；必须确保为参与者提供该国可达到的最高护理标准；不得损害该国的卫生保健资源；必须获得参与者的知情同意；并且要有一个讨论过程，以确保考虑实施成功的干预措施。在某些情况下，不使用抗逆转录病毒药物的对照在伦理上可能是合理的。
