Hanson H M, Chuang E S
Sensimetrics Corporation, Somerville, Massachusetts 02144-2500, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1999 Aug;106(2):1064-77. doi: 10.1121/1.427116.
Acoustic measurements believed to reflect glottal characteristics were made on recordings collected from 21 male speakers. The waveforms and spectra of three nonhigh vowels (/ae, lambda, epsilon/) were analyzed to obtain acoustic parameters related to first-formant bandwidth, open quotient, spectral tilt, and aspiration noise. Comparisons were made with previous results obtained for 22 female speakers [H. M. Hanson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 466-481 (1997)]. While there is considerable overlap across gender, the male data show lower average values and less interspeaker variation for all measures. In particular, the amplitude of the first harmonic relative to that of the third formant is 9.6 dB lower for the male speakers than for the female speakers, suggesting that spectral tilt is an especially significant parameter for differentiating male and female speech. These findings are consistent with fiberscopic studies which have shown that males tend to have a more complete glottal closure, leading to less energy loss at the glottis and less spectral tilt. Observations of the speech waveforms and spectra suggest the presence of a second glottal excitation within a glottal period for some of the male speakers. Possible causes and acoustic consequences of these second excitations are discussed.
对从21名男性说话者收集的录音进行了据信能反映声门特征的声学测量。分析了三个非高元音（/ae, lambda, epsilon/）的波形和频谱，以获得与第一共振峰带宽、开放商、频谱倾斜和送气噪声相关的声学参数。并与之前对22名女性说话者得到的结果[H. M. 汉森，《美国声学学会杂志》101, 466 - 481 (1997)]进行了比较。虽然不同性别之间存在相当大的重叠，但男性的数据在所有测量指标上都显示出较低的平均值和较小的说话者间差异。特别是，男性说话者的第一谐波相对于第三共振峰的幅度比女性说话者低9.6分贝，这表明频谱倾斜是区分男性和女性语音的一个特别重要的参数。这些发现与纤维喉镜研究结果一致，该研究表明男性往往声门闭合更完整，导致声门处能量损失更少，频谱倾斜更小。对语音波形和频谱的观察表明，一些男性说话者在声门周期内存在第二次声门激励。讨论了这些第二次激励的可能原因和声学后果。
