Holmberg E B, Hillman R E, Perkell J S, Guiod P C, Goldman S L
Voice and Speech Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, USA.
J Speech Hear Res. 1995 Dec;38(6):1212-23. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3806.1212.
This study examines measures of the glottal airflow waveform, the electroglottographic signal (EGG), amplitude differences between peaks in the acoustic spectrum, and observations of the spectral energy content of the third formant (F3), in terms of how they relate to one another. Twenty females with normal voices served as subjects. Both group and individual data were studied. Measurements were made for the vowel in two speech tasks: strings of the syllable /pae/and sustained phonation of /ae/, which were produced at two levels of vocal effort: comfortable and loud voice. The main results were: 1. Significant differences in parameter values between /pae/and/ae/were related to significant differences in the sound pressure level (SPL). 2. An "adduction quotient," measured from the glottal waveform at a 30% criterion, was sensitive enough to differentiate between waveforms reflecting abrupt versus gradual vocal fold closing movements. 3. DC flow showed weak or nonsignificant relationships with acoustic measures. 4. The spectral content in the third formant (F3) in comfortable loudness typically consisted of a mix of noise and harmonic energy. In loud voice, the F3 spectral content typically consisted of harmonic energy. 5. Significant differences were found in all measures between tokens with F3 harmonic energy and tokens with F3 noise, independent of loudness condition. 6. Strong relationships between flow- and EGG-adduction quotients suggested that these signals can be used to complement each other. 7. The amplitude difference between spectral peaks of the first and third formant (F1-F3) was found to add information about abruptness of airflow decrease (flow declination) that may be lost in the glottal waveform signal due to low-pass filtering. The results are discussed in terms of how an integrated use of these measures can contribute to a better understanding of the normal vocal mechanism and help to improve methods for evaluating vocal function.
本研究考察了声门气流波形测量、电声门图信号（EGG）、声谱峰值之间的幅度差异以及第三共振峰（F3）的频谱能量含量观测值，探讨了它们之间的相互关系。20名嗓音正常的女性作为受试者。对组数据和个体数据均进行了研究。在两项言语任务中对元音进行测量：音节/pae/串和/ae/的持续发声，这两项任务在两种发声强度下进行：舒适发声和大声发声。主要结果如下：1./pae/和/ae/之间参数值的显著差异与声压级（SPL）的显著差异有关。2.从声门波形在30%标准下测量得到的“内收商”，足以灵敏地区分反映声带突然闭合与逐渐闭合运动的波形。3.直流气流与声学测量之间的关系较弱或不显著。4.舒适响度下第三共振峰（F3）的频谱内容通常由噪声和谐波能量混合组成。在大声发声时，F3频谱内容通常由谐波能量组成。5.在F3谐波能量的样本和F3噪声的样本之间，所有测量值均发现存在显著差异，且与响度条件无关。6.气流内收商和EGG内收商之间存在强相关性，表明这些信号可相互补充。7.发现第一共振峰和第三共振峰（F1 - F3）的频谱峰值之间的幅度差异增加了关于气流下降（气流偏斜）突然性的信息，而由于低通滤波，这些信息可能在声门波形信号中丢失。将根据如何综合使用这些测量方法有助于更好地理解正常发声机制以及帮助改进评估发声功能的方法来讨论这些结果。
