工作特征可预测精神障碍：怀特霍尔二世研究的前瞻性结果。
Work characteristics predict psychiatric disorder: prospective results from the Whitehall II Study.
作者信息
Stansfeld S A, Fuhrer R, Shipley M J, Marmot M G
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
出版信息
Occup Environ Med. 1999 May;56(5):302-7. doi: 10.1136/oem.56.5.302.
OBJECTIVES
The impact of work on the risk of future psychiatric disorder has been examined in few longitudinal studies. This was examined prospectively in a large epidemiological study of civil servants.
METHODS
In the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of 6895 male and 3413 female London based civil servants, work characteristics measured at baseline (phase 1: 1985-8) and first follow up (phase 2: 1989) were used to predict psychiatric disorder measured by a 30 item general health questionnaire (GHQ) at phase 2 and phase 3 follow up (phase 3: 1991-3). Work characteristics and GHQ were measured at all three phases.
RESULTS
Low social support at work and low decision authority, high job demands and effort-reward imbalance were associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorder as assessed by the GHQ at follow up adjusting for age, employment grade, and baseline GHQ score.
CONCLUSIONS
Social support and control at work protect mental health while high job demands and effort-reward imbalance are risk factors for future psychiatric disorder. Intervention at the level of work design, organisation, and management might have positive effects on mental health in working populations.
目的
在少数纵向研究中探讨了工作对未来患精神疾病风险的影响。在一项针对公务员的大型流行病学研究中对其进行了前瞻性研究。
方法
在白厅II研究中，这是一项对6895名男性和3413名伦敦公务员进行的纵向、前瞻性队列研究，在基线（第1阶段：1985 - 1988年）和首次随访（第2阶段：1989年）时测量的工作特征，被用于预测在第2阶段和第3阶段随访（第3阶段：1991 - 1993年）时通过30项一般健康问卷（GHQ）测量的精神疾病。在所有三个阶段都测量了工作特征和GHQ。
结果
在对年龄、就业级别和基线GHQ得分进行调整后，随访时通过GHQ评估发现，工作中社会支持低、决策权力低、工作要求高以及努力与回报失衡与患精神疾病的风险增加有关。
结论
工作中的社会支持和控制可保护心理健康，而高工作要求和努力与回报失衡是未来患精神疾病的风险因素。在工作设计、组织和管理层面进行干预可能会对在职人群的心理健康产生积极影响。
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