Stansfeld S A, North F M, White I, Marmot M G
Academic Department of Psychiatry, University College London Medical School.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1995 Feb;49(1):48-53. doi: 10.1136/jech.49.1.48.
To describe the association between self reported and externally assessed work characteristics and psychiatric disorder.
Analysis of questionnaire data collected from the first phase of the Whitehall II study, a cohort study of an employed population.
Twenty civil service departments in London.
Altogether 6900 male and 3414 female civil servants aged 35-55 years.
High levels of subjective social support at work, control at work, job variety, and skill use were associated with greater satisfaction and wellbeing and less psychiatric disorder measured by the 30 item general health questionnaire (GHQ). High levels of subjective work pace and conflicting demands were associated with less satisfaction and wellbeing and greater psychiatric disorder. The combined effects of work characteristics were similar to the effects of the work characteristics considered separately, except that for men there was a small interaction between psychological demands and control on the GHQ. There was little overall support for the two factor job strain model. In contrast, objective indices of work were generally not associated with the psychological indices. Findings in men and women were generally comparable and were not significantly influenced by employment grade.
Negative affectivity and a tendency to report negatively about both work and the psychological indices may partly explain the difference in the findings between subjective and objective work characteristics. However, subjective work characteristics were still associated with psychiatric disorder after adjusting for negative affectivity. The potential confounding effects of employment grade did not explain the association between either subjective or objective work characteristics and the psychological indices. While modifications to the work environment may directly reduce certain adverse physical health effects, the influence of work place design and management on psychological wellbeing, satisfaction, and psychiatric disorder may be mediated through subjective perceptions of the work environment.
描述自我报告的工作特征与外部评估的工作特征和精神障碍之间的关联。
对从白厅II研究第一阶段收集的问卷数据进行分析，这是一项对就业人群的队列研究。
伦敦的20个公务员部门。
共有6900名年龄在35至55岁之间的男性公务员和3414名女性公务员。
工作中高水平的主观社会支持、工作控制、工作多样性和技能运用与更高的满意度和幸福感相关，并且通过30项一般健康问卷（GHQ）测量的精神障碍较少。高水平的主观工作节奏和相互冲突的要求与较低的满意度和幸福感以及更严重的精神障碍相关。工作特征的综合影响与分别考虑的工作特征的影响相似，只是对于男性而言，心理需求和控制对GHQ有一个小的交互作用。对双因素工作压力模型总体上支持较少。相比之下，工作的客观指标通常与心理指标无关。男性和女性的研究结果总体上具有可比性，并且不受就业等级的显著影响。
消极情感以及对工作和心理指标都进行负面报告的倾向可能部分解释了主观和客观工作特征研究结果的差异。然而，在调整消极情感后，主观工作特征仍与精神障碍相关。就业等级的潜在混杂效应并不能解释主观或客观工作特征与心理指标之间的关联。虽然对工作环境的改变可能直接减少某些不良的身体健康影响，但工作场所设计和管理对心理健康、满意度和精神障碍的影响可能是通过对工作环境的主观感知来介导的。
