Observatorio Iberoamericano de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, Organización Iberoamericana de Seguridad Social (OISS), C. de Velázquez, 105, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Center for Research in Occupational Health, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 27;19(13):7883. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19137883.
The aim of this study is to estimate the association between employment conditions and mental health status in the working population of Iberoamerica. In this cross-sectional study, we pooled individual-level data from nationally representative surveys across 13 countries. A sample of 180,260 workers was analyzed. Informality was assessed by social security, health affiliation, or contract holding. Mental health was assessed using several instruments. We used Poisson regression models to estimate the contribution of informality to poor mental health by sex and country, adjusted by sociodemographic and work-related characteristics. Then, we performed a meta-analysis pooling of aggregate data using a random-effects inverse-variance model. Workers in informal employments showed a higher adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of poor mental health than those in formal employment in Peru (aPR men 1.5 [95% confidence intervals 1.16; 1.93]), Spain (aPR men 2.2 [1.01; 4.78]) and Mexico (aPR men 1.24 [1.04; 1.47]; women 1.39 [1.18; 1.64]). Overall estimates showed that workers in informal employment have a higher prevalence of poor mental health than formal workers, with it being 1.19 times higher (aPR 1.19 [1.02; 1.39]) among men, and 1.11 times higher prevalence among women (aPR 1.11 [1.00; 1.23]). Addressing informal employment could contribute to improving workers' mental health.
本研究旨在评估伊比利亚美洲劳动力人口的就业条件与心理健康状况之间的关联。在这项横断面研究中，我们汇总了来自 13 个国家的具有全国代表性的调查的个体水平数据。对 180260 名工人进行了分析。通过社会保障、健康隶属关系或合同持有情况评估非正规性。使用几种工具评估心理健康。我们使用泊松回归模型，按性别和国家调整社会人口统计学和与工作相关的特征后，估计非正规性对心理健康不良的影响。然后，我们使用随机效应逆方差模型对汇总数据进行荟萃分析。与正规就业相比，非正规就业的工人心理健康不良的调整后患病率比（aPR）更高，秘鲁（aPR 男性 1.5[95%置信区间 1.16；1.93]）、西班牙（aPR 男性 2.2[1.01；4.78]）和墨西哥（aPR 男性 1.24[1.04；1.47]；女性 1.39[1.18；1.64]）。总体估计表明，非正规就业的工人心理健康不良的患病率高于正规工人，男性高 1.19 倍（aPR 1.19[1.02；1.39]），女性高 1.11 倍（aPR 1.11[1.00；1.23]）。解决非正规就业问题可能有助于改善工人的心理健康。
