Zahn T P, Mirsky A F
National Institute of Mental Health Section on Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory of Brain and Cognition Bethesda, MD 20892-1366, USA.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1999 Jun;21(3):352-67. doi: 10.1076/jcen.21.3.352.924.
The nature of deficits in attention in closed head injury (CHI) was studied by three reaction time (RT) paradigms given to 20 patients who had a CHI 2 or more years previously and to 25 controls. We studied the effects of temporal uncertainty by varying the length and regularity of the preparatory interval, the effects of stimulus modality uncertainty on simple RT to tones and lights, and the effects of response selection in choice RT. The CHI group showed slower and more variable RT than controls under all conditions. In addition, a long preparatory interval on the preceding trial retarded RT more in the CHI group, and they showed greater effects of stimulus modality uncertainty. Both of these findings suggest a difficulty in shifting attention to unexpected stimuli. These greater effects on RT of variations of attention or preparation in CHI may account for their greater within-subject variability possibly due to frontal lobe damage.
通过对三种反应时间（RT）范式的研究，探讨了闭合性颅脑损伤（CHI）患者注意力缺陷的本质。这三种范式分别应用于20名两年或更久之前患有CHI的患者以及25名对照组对象。我们通过改变预备间隔的时长和规律性来研究时间不确定性的影响，通过改变刺激模式的不确定性来研究对简单听觉和视觉反应时间的影响，以及通过选择反应时间来研究反应选择的影响。在所有条件下，CHI组的反应时间均比对照组更慢且变异性更大。此外，前一次试验中的长预备间隔对CHI组反应时间的延迟作用更大，并且他们表现出更大的刺激模式不确定性效应。这两个发现均表明，CHI患者在将注意力转移至意外刺激方面存在困难。CHI患者注意力或准备状态变化对反应时间产生的这些更大影响，可能解释了其受试者内部变异性更大的原因，这可能是由于额叶损伤所致。
