Allen D L, Roy R R, Edgerton V R
Department of Molecular, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
Muscle Nerve. 1999 Oct;22(10):1350-60. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199910)22:10<1350::aid-mus3>3.0.co;2-8.
Adult skeletal muscle fibers are among the few cell types that are truly multinucleated. Recently, evidence has accumulated supporting a role for the modulation of myonuclear number during muscle remodeling in response to injury, adaptation, and disease. These studies have demonstrated that muscle hypertrophy is associated with, and is dependent on, the addition of newly formed myonuclei via the fusion of myogenic cells to the adult myofiber, whereas muscle atrophy and disease appear to be associated with the loss of myonuclei, possibly through apoptotic-like mechanisms. Moreover, these studies also have demonstrated that myonuclear domain size, i. e., the amount of cytoplasm per myonucleus, is unchanged following the acute phase of hypertrophy but is reduced following atrophy. Together these data demonstrate that modulation of myonuclear number or myonuclear domain size (or both) is a mechanism contributing to the remodeling of adult skeletal muscle in response to alterations in the level of normal neuromuscular activity.
成年骨骼肌纤维是少数真正具有多核的细胞类型之一。最近，越来越多的证据支持在肌肉重塑过程中，响应损伤、适应和疾病时，肌核数量的调节发挥着作用。这些研究表明，肌肉肥大与通过成肌细胞与成年肌纤维融合而新增的肌核相关，并且依赖于这些新增的肌核，而肌肉萎缩和疾病似乎与肌核的丢失有关，可能是通过类似凋亡的机制。此外，这些研究还表明，肌核域大小，即每个肌核的细胞质数量，在肥大急性期后保持不变，但在萎缩后会减小。这些数据共同表明，肌核数量或肌核域大小（或两者）的调节是一种机制，有助于成年骨骼肌响应正常神经肌肉活动水平的改变而进行重塑。
