Walter-Ginzburg A, Blumstein T, Chetrit A, Gindin J, Modan B
Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1999;48(4):279-99. doi: 10.2190/E4FH-KU74-VNC5-9XV3.
The structure and function of social networks and the perceived instrumental and emotional support associated with these networks were studied longitudinally among a random sample of 687 Jewish Israelis aged seventy-five to ninety-four, stratified by five-year age groups, place of birth (Europe-America, Asia-Africa, or Israel), and gender, interviewed in 1989-92 and 1993-94. Perceived instrumental support at follow-up was predicted by baseline measures of proximity of at least one child and by four or more weekly contacts with intimate friends or family, whereas perceived emotional support was more broadly based and was predicted by more frequent contacts with children, neighborliness, and having more intimate friends. Changes occurring during the follow-up interval, such as entering long-term care or losing a confidant, were associated with a decrease in perceived emotional support but not with a loss of instrumental support. Emotional support was less replaceable over time than was instrumental support.
在1989 - 1992年和1993 - 1994年对687名年龄在七十五至九十四岁之间的以色列犹太裔人进行了纵向研究，这些人按五年年龄组、出生地（欧美、亚非或以色列）和性别分层随机抽样。研究了社交网络的结构和功能以及与这些网络相关的感知到的工具性支持和情感支持。随访时感知到的工具性支持由至少一个孩子的亲近程度的基线测量以及与亲密朋友或家人每周四次或更多次的接触来预测，而感知到的情感支持基础更广泛，由与孩子更频繁的接触、邻里关系以及有更多亲密朋友来预测。随访期间发生的变化，如进入长期护理机构或失去知己，与感知到的情感支持减少有关，但与工具性支持的丧失无关。随着时间的推移，情感支持比工具性支持更难以替代。
