Dowdle W R, Featherstone D A, Birmingham M E, Hull H F, Aylward R B
The Task Force for Child Survival and Development, Decatur, GA 30030, USA.
Virus Res. 1999 Aug;62(2):185-92. doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(99)00044-1.
Since the poliomyelitis eradication program began in 1988, the number of poliovirus infected continents and countries have decreased from five to two and from greater than 100 to 53, respectively. A nearly 90% reduction in the incidence of polio has been achieved with a corresponding decrease in virus genomic heterogeneity. Major challenges to eradication remain in south Asia and Africa in those areas with hot and humid climates, high population density, and high birth rates. Of particular concern are countries with ongoing social unrest and poor health infrastructure. With the approaching eradication of polio, post-eradication issues are now being addressed. The World Health Organization (WHO) draft plan for containment of wild polioviruses has been published for comment. Commissions and committees for certification of eradication have been established. Still under discussion is the question of the appropriate strategy for stopping oral polio vaccine (OPV) immunization. Studies are underway to determine whether vaccine-derived polioviruses will continue to circulate after OPV cessation and the potential disease consequences of that circulation.
自1988年脊髓灰质炎根除计划启动以来，感染脊髓灰质炎病毒的大洲数量已从五个减少到两个，国家数量则从100多个减少到53个。脊髓灰质炎发病率已降低近90%，病毒基因组异质性也相应下降。在南亚和非洲气候炎热潮湿、人口密度高且出生率高的地区，根除工作仍面临重大挑战。特别令人担忧的是那些社会动荡且卫生基础设施薄弱的国家。随着脊髓灰质炎根除工作的临近，根除后的问题目前正在得到解决。世界卫生组织（WHO）关于遏制野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的计划草案已发布以供评论。根除认证委员会和委员会已经成立。关于停止口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）免疫的适当策略问题仍在讨论中。正在进行研究以确定停止使用OPV后疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒是否会继续传播以及这种传播可能导致的疾病后果。
