Yokokawa Y, Ohta S, Hou J, Zhang X L, Li S S, Ping Y M, Nakajima T
Department of Hygiene, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
Int J Cancer. 1999 Nov 26;83(5):620-4. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19991126)83:5<620::aid-ijc9>3.0.co;2-w.
Our purpose was to determine the environmental risks in the development of esophageal cancer in Ci-Xian, which has one of the highest incidences of esophageal cancer in China. The subjects included 404, 352 and 400 inhabitants living in high-, medium-, and low-incidence areas of esophageal cancer, as well as 301 esophageal cancer patients. A food intake-frequency survey using a 7-day weighted inventory questionnaire was conducted on these individuals. Questions on occupation, working conditions, income per year, family disease history, medical complaints, and demographic features were also included in the questionnaire. The levels of nitrogen compounds in selected samples of well water were also measured in each of the 3 areas. Clear-cut differences in food intake were seen among inhabitants living in the 3 different areas, suggesting that regional differences in nutritional styles do exist. In both males and females, the intake of potatoes, fruit, vegetables, and meat were significantly lower in inhabitants living in the high-incidence area than in the other inhabitants, much the same as that of cancer patients. A low intake of carotene, and vitamins A and C was also seen in populations living in the high-incidence area of esophageal cancer. The well water polluted with nitrogen compounds was significantly related to the high incidence of esophageal cancer. In contrast, tobacco, alcohol consumption, and the intake of pickled vegetables and moldy foods did not relate to the different incidence rates. Our results suggest that low intake of fruit, vegetables, potatoes and meat, and the quality of well water may be important factors in the development of esophageal cancer in Ci-Xian.
我们的目的是确定在中国食管癌发病率最高的地区之一磁县，食管癌发病过程中的环境风险。研究对象包括生活在食管癌高、中、低发区的404名、352名和400名居民，以及301名食管癌患者。采用7天加权食物清单问卷对这些个体进行了食物摄入频率调查。问卷还包括有关职业、工作条件、年收入、家族病史、医疗投诉和人口统计学特征的问题。在这3个地区的每一个地区，还对选定的井水样本中的氮化合物水平进行了测量。生活在3个不同地区的居民在食物摄入方面存在明显差异，这表明营养方式的地区差异确实存在。在男性和女性中，高发病区居民的土豆、水果、蔬菜和肉类摄入量均显著低于其他居民，与癌症患者的情况大致相同。食管癌高发病区人群的胡萝卜素、维生素A和维生素C摄入量也较低。被氮化合物污染的井水与食管癌的高发病率显著相关。相比之下，烟草、酒精消费以及腌制蔬菜和发霉食物的摄入量与不同的发病率无关。我们的研究结果表明，水果、蔬菜、土豆和肉类的低摄入量以及井水质量可能是磁县食管癌发病的重要因素。
