Clark R, Anderson N B, Clark V R, Williams D R
Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Am Psychol. 1999 Oct;54(10):805-16. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.54.10.805.
Various authors have noted that interethnic group and intraethnic group racism are significant stressors for many African Americans. As such, intergroup and intragroup racism may play a role in the high rates of morbidity and mortality in this population. Yet, although scientific examinations of the effects of stress have proliferated, few researchers have explored the psychological, social, and physiological effects of perceived racism among African Americans. The purpose of this article was to outline a biopsychosocial model for perceived racism as a guide for future research. The first section of this article provides a brief overview of how racism has been conceptualized in the scientific literature. The second section reviews research exploring the existence of intergroup and intragroup racism. A contextual model for systematic studies of the biopsychosocial effects of perceived racism is then presented, along with recommendations for future research.
不同的作者指出，族裔间和族裔内的种族主义对许多非裔美国人来说是重大的压力源。因此，群体间和群体内的种族主义可能在该人群的高发病率和高死亡率中起作用。然而，尽管对压力影响的科学研究大量增加，但很少有研究人员探讨非裔美国人中感知到的种族主义对心理、社会和生理的影响。本文的目的是概述一个关于感知到的种族主义的生物心理社会模型，作为未来研究的指南。本文的第一部分简要概述了科学文献中对种族主义的概念化方式。第二部分回顾了探索群体间和群体内种族主义存在的研究。然后提出了一个用于系统研究感知到的种族主义的生物心理社会影响的情境模型，以及对未来研究的建议。
